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a hit at the Government

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1 hit

hit
1. present participle - hitting; verb
1) (to (cause or allow to) come into hard contact with: The ball hit him on the head; He hit his head on/against a low branch; The car hit a lamp-post; He hit me on the head with a bottle; He was hit by a bullet; That boxer can certainly hit hard!) golpear, pegar, chocar

2) (to make hard contact with (something), and force or cause it to move in some direction: The batsman hit the ball (over the wall).) pegar, golpear

3) (to cause to suffer: The farmers were badly hit by the lack of rain; Her husband's death hit her hard.) afectar; hacer daño, perjudicar

4) (to find; to succeed in reaching: His second arrow hit the bull's-eye; Take the path across the fields and you'll hit the road; She used to be a famous soprano but she cannot hit the high notes now.) dar en, alcanzar

2. noun
1) (the act of hitting: That was a good hit.) golpe; tiro

2) (a point scored by hitting a target etc: He scored five hits.) acierto

3) (something which is popular or successful: The play/record is a hit; (also adjective) a hit song.) éxito

•

- hit-and-run
- hit-or-miss
- hit back
- hit below the belt
- hit it off
- hit on
- hit out
- make a hit with

hit¹ n

1. golpe

a free hit un golpe franco

2. éxito

this song will be a hit esta canción será un éxito

hit² vb golpear / pegar / dar

don't hit your sister no pegues a tu hermana

the ball hit her on the nose la pelota le dio en la nariz

El pasado y participio pasado de hit es hit; el gerundio se escribe hitting

hit /'xit/ sustantivo masculino (pl
◊ hits) hit
' hit' also found in these entries: Spanish: abatirse - aporrear - atinar - batear - blanca - blanco - canear - cascar - clavo - dar - desgraciada - desgraciado - embestir - escalabrar - golpear - grito - impacto - martillazo - pegar - plena - pleno - recibir - sicario - simpatizar - soplamocos - subirse - taconazo - taquillera - taquillero - acertar - atreverse - bestia - cabezazo - cabreo - chocar - dedo - entender - éxito - golpe - impactar - llegar - mandar - mentira - pedrada - pelotazo - perjudicado - pillar - piñata - rematar - torta English: bottle - bump - duck - forehead - front - goalpost - hard-hit - headline - high - hit - hit back - hit list - hit on - hit out - hit upon - hit-and-run - jackpot - mark - nail - on - pow - ricochet - road - roof - sack - sale - score - she - smash - with - beat - but - catch - crack - hard - home - knock - miss - over - punch - rock - slap - strike - swipe

hit

tr[hɪt]

noun

1 (blow) golpe nombre masculino

2 (success) éxito, acierto

■ she was a hit with children's audiences tuvo mucho éxito con el público infantil

3 (shot) impacto

4 (visit to web page) acceso

5 figurative use (damaging remark) pulla

6 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL slang asesinato

transitive verb (pt & pp hit, ger hitting)

1 (strike) golpear, pegar

■ he hit his head on the door dio con la cabeza contra la puerta

■ the idea suddenly hit me de pronto me vino la idea

2 (crash into) chocar contra

■ the car hit the tree el coche chocó contra el árbol

3 (affect) afectar, perjudicar

■ farmers were badly hit by the drought la sequía perjudicó mucho a los agricultores

4 (reach) alcanzar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

it hits you in the eye familiar salta a la vista

it suddenly hit him figurative use de pronto se dio cuenta

to hit below the belt familiar dar un golpe bajo

to hit it off with llevarse bien con, caer bien a alguien

to hit the bottle familiar darse a la bebida

to hit the headlines ser noticia

to hit the nail on the head figurative use dar en el clavo

to hit the road familiar ponerse en camino

to hit the roof familiar explotar, subirse por las paredes

to hit the sack familiar irse al catre

to make a hit with caer simpático,-a a alguien

to score a direct hit dar en el blanco

direct hit impacto directo

hit man slang asesino a sueldo

hit parade hit-parade nombre masculino, lista de éxitos

hit record disco de éxito

hit ['hɪt] v, hit ; hitting vt

1) strike: golpear, pegar, batear (una pelota)

he hit the dog: le pegó al perro

2) : chocar contra, dar con, dar en (el blanco)

the car hit a tree: el coche chocó contra un árbol

3) affect: afectar

the news hit us hard: la noticia nos afectó mucho

4) encounter: tropezar con, toparse con

to hit a snag: tropezar con un obstáculo

5) reach: llegar a, alcanzar

the price hit $10 a pound: el precio alcanzó los $10 dólares por libra

to hit town: llegar a la ciudad

to hit the headlines: ser noticia

6)

to hit onor to hit upon : dar con

hit vi

: golpear

hit n

1) blow: golpe m

2) : impacto m (de un arma)

3) success: éxito m

hit (Computing)

n.

• acierto (Informática) s.m.

n.

• chirlo s.m.

• golpe s.m.

• impacto s.m.

pret., p.p.

(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to hit")

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: hit) = acertar v.

• chocar v.

• embestir v.

• golpear v.

• pegar (Golpear) v.

• percutir v.

• tropezar v.

hit* (Key, button)

v.

• pulsar (Informática) v.

I
1. hɪt
(pres p hitting; past & past p hit) transitive verb

1)

a) ( deal blow to) \<\<door/table\>\> dar* un golpe en, golpear; \<\<person\>\> pegarle* a

she hit him with her handbag — le pegó or le dio un golpe con el bolso

he hit her across the face — le cruzó la cara

he hit the table with his fist — dio un puñetazo en la mesa

(let's) hit it! — (AmE) dale!, rápido!

to hit the road o the trail — ponerse* en marcha

to hit the sack o the hay — irse* al sobre or (Esp tb) a la piltra (fam)

b) ( strike) golpear

passers-by were hit by flying glass — los transeúntes fueron alcanzados por trozos de cristal

the truck hit a tree — el camión chocó con or contra un árbol

the house was hit by a bomb — una bomba cayó sobre la casa

the bullet hit him in the leg — la bala le dio or lo alcanzó en la pierna

I've been hit! — me han dado!

to hit one's head/arm on o against something — darse* un golpe en la cabeza/el brazo contra algo, darse* con la cabeza/el brazo contra algo

to hit the ceiling o the roof — poner* el grito en el cielo

2)

a) ( strike accurately) \<\<target\>\> dar* en

b) ( attack) \<\<opponent/enemy\>\> atacar*

thieves have hit many stores in the area — (AmE) ha habido robos en muchas tiendas de la zona

c) ( score) ( Sport) anotarse, marcar*

to hit a home run — hacer* un cuadrangular or (AmL) un jonrón

3) ( affect adversely) afectar (a)

4)

a) (meet with, run into) \<\<difficulty/problem\>\> toparse con

b) ( reach) llegar* a, alcanzar*

we're bound to hit the main road sooner or later — tarde o temprano tenemos que salir a la carretera principal

to hit town — (colloq) llegar* a la ciudad

to hit the big time — llegar* a la fama

5) ( occur to)

suddenly it hit me: why not... ? — de repente se me ocurrió: ¿por qué no... ?

2.

vi ( deal blow) pegar*, golpear

Phrasal Verbs:

- hit back

- hit off

- hit on

- hit out

- hit upon

II

noun

1)

a) (blow, stroke) ( Sport) golpe m

b) ( in shooting) blanco m; ( in archery) blanco m, diana f; ( of artillery) impacto m

2) ( success) (colloq) éxito m

he's a big hit with young people — es muy popular entre los jóvenes

you made a big hit with my mother — le caíste muy bien a mi madre, mi madre quedó impactada contigo; (before n) <song, show> de gran éxito

[hɪt] (vb: pt, pp hit)
1. N

1) (=blow) golpe m ; (Sport) (=shot) tiro m ; (on target) tiro m certero, acierto m ; (Baseball) jit m ; [of bomb] impacto m directo; (=good guess) acierto m

we made three hits on the target — dimos tres veces en el blanco

that was a hit at me — lo dijo por mí

he made a hit at the government — hizo un ataque contra el gobierno

2) (Mus, Theat) éxito m

to be a hit — tener éxito, ser un éxito

the film was a massive hit — la película fue un éxito enorme

she's a hit with everyone * — les cae bien a todos

to make a hit with sb — caerle bien a algn

3) (Internet) (=match on search engine) correspondencia f ; (=visit to website) visita f

2. VT
(vb: pt, pp hit)
1) (=strike) [+ person] pegar, golpear; (=come into contact with) dar con, dar contra; (violently) chocar con, chocar contra; [+ ball] pegar; [+ target] dar en

to hit sb a blow — dar un golpe a algn

to hit one's head against a wall — dar con la cabeza contra una pared

the president was hit by three bullets — el presidente fue alcanzado por tres balas

the house was hit by a bomb — la casa sufrió un directo

I realized my plane had been hit — me di cuenta de que mi avión había sido tocado

he was hit by a stone — le alcanzó una piedra

the car hit a road sign — el coche chocó con una señal de tráfico

he was hit by a car — le pilló un coche

his father used to hit him — su padre le pegaba

a lot of what he said hit home — gran parte de lo que dijo dio en el blanco or hizo mella

- then it hit me

- hit sb when he's down

- hit the mark

- hit one's head against a wall

- hit the ground running

2) (=affect adversely) dañar; [+ person] afectar, golpear

the news hit him hard — la noticia le afectó mucho

the crops were hit by the rain — las lluvias dañaron los cultivos

the company has been hard hit — la compañía se ha visto muy afectada

3) (=find, reach) [+ road] dar con; [+ speed] alcanzar; [+ difficulty] tropezar con; (=achieve, reach) [+ note] alcanzar; (fig) (=guess) atinar, acertar

when we hit the main road — cuando lleguemos a la carretera

- hit the bottle

- hit the ceiling

- hit the jackpot

- hit the hay or the sack

to hit somewhere —

we hit London at nightfall * — llegamos a Londres al anochecer

- hit the road or the trail

4) (Press)

- hit the front page or the headlines

- hit the papers

5)

- he hit me for ten bucks

how much can we hit them for? — ¿qué cantidad podremos sacarles?

3.

VI golpear; (=collide) chocar

to hit against — chocar con, dar contra

to hit at — asestar un golpe a

to hit and run — atacar y retirarse

4.

CPD

hit list N — (=death list) lista f de personas a las que se planea eliminar; (=target list) lista f negra

hit parade N — lista f de éxitos

hit song N — canción f éxito

hit squad N — escuadrón m de la muerte

- hit back

- hit off

- hit on

- hit out

- hit upon

* * *

I
1. [hɪt]
(pres p hitting; past & past p hit) transitive verb

1)

a) ( deal blow to) \<\<door/table\>\> dar* un golpe en, golpear; \<\<person\>\> pegarle* a

she hit him with her handbag — le pegó or le dio un golpe con el bolso

he hit her across the face — le cruzó la cara

he hit the table with his fist — dio un puñetazo en la mesa

(let's) hit it! — (AmE) dale!, rápido!

to hit the road o the trail — ponerse* en marcha

to hit the sack o the hay — irse* al sobre or (Esp tb) a la piltra (fam)

b) ( strike) golpear

passers-by were hit by flying glass — los transeúntes fueron alcanzados por trozos de cristal

the truck hit a tree — el camión chocó con or contra un árbol

the house was hit by a bomb — una bomba cayó sobre la casa

the bullet hit him in the leg — la bala le dio or lo alcanzó en la pierna

I've been hit! — me han dado!

to hit one's head/arm on o against something — darse* un golpe en la cabeza/el brazo contra algo, darse* con la cabeza/el brazo contra algo

to hit the ceiling o the roof — poner* el grito en el cielo

2)

a) ( strike accurately) \<\<target\>\> dar* en

b) ( attack) \<\<opponent/enemy\>\> atacar*

thieves have hit many stores in the area — (AmE) ha habido robos en muchas tiendas de la zona

c) ( score) ( Sport) anotarse, marcar*

to hit a home run — hacer* un cuadrangular or (AmL) un jonrón

3) ( affect adversely) afectar (a)

4)

a) (meet with, run into) \<\<difficulty/problem\>\> toparse con

b) ( reach) llegar* a, alcanzar*

we're bound to hit the main road sooner or later — tarde o temprano tenemos que salir a la carretera principal

to hit town — (colloq) llegar* a la ciudad

to hit the big time — llegar* a la fama

5) ( occur to)

suddenly it hit me: why not... ? — de repente se me ocurrió: ¿por qué no... ?

2.

vi ( deal blow) pegar*, golpear

Phrasal Verbs:

- hit back

- hit off

- hit on

- hit out

- hit upon

II

noun

1)

a) (blow, stroke) ( Sport) golpe m

b) ( in shooting) blanco m; ( in archery) blanco m, diana f; ( of artillery) impacto m

2) ( success) (colloq) éxito m

he's a big hit with young people — es muy popular entre los jóvenes

you made a big hit with my mother — le caíste muy bien a mi madre, mi madre quedó impactada contigo; (before n) <song, show> de gran éxito

English-spanish dictionary > hit
2 hit

hit 1. present participle - hitting; verb
1) (to (cause or allow to) come into hard contact with: The ball hit him on the head; He hit his head on/against a low branch; The car hit a lamp-post; He hit me on the head with a bottle; He was hit by a bullet; That boxer can certainly hit hard!) slå, kollidere, treffe, ramme

2) (to make hard contact with (something), and force or cause it to move in some direction: The batsman hit the ball (over the wall).) slå

3) (to cause to suffer: The farmers were badly hit by the lack of rain; Her husband's death hit her hard.) ramme

4) (to find; to succeed in reaching: His second arrow hit the bull's-eye; Take the path across the fields and you'll hit the road; She used to be a famous soprano but she cannot hit the high notes now.) komme til/på/i, treffe
2. noun
1) (the act of hitting: That was a good hit.) slag, støt

2) (a point scored by hitting a target etc: He scored five hits.) treff, slag

3) (something which is popular or successful: The play/record is a hit; ( also adjective) a hit song.) slager

•

- hit-and-run
- hit-or-miss
- hit back
- hit below the belt
- hit it off
- hit on
- hit out
- make a hit with

nå
--------
rekke
--------
suksess

I
subst. \/hɪt\/

1) slag, støt

2) ( spesielt i sport og spill) treff, fulltreffer

3) ( fekting) touché

4) hint, hentydning, satirisk kommentar

• a hit at the Government

et hipp mot regjeringen

5) ( også lucky hit) lykketreff, hell

6) suksess, publikumssuksess

• the play is the hit of the season

stykket er sesongens publikumssuksess

7) ( musikk) hit, slager

• be\/make a big hit

gjøre stor suksess, slå igjennom

8) (spesielt amer., slang) mord (på oppdrag)

9) ( slang) skudd, dose med stoff (også alkohol)

• someone saw him pop a hit last night

noen så ham sette et skudd i går kveld

10) ( EDB) treff

direct hit fulltreffer

make a hit få inn et treff, treffe

pop a hit ( slang) sette et skudd
II
verb ( hit - hit) \/hɪt\/

1) slå (til), støte (mot)

• he hit me on the head

han slo meg i hodet

• he hit his head against a stone

han støtte hodet mot en stein

• she hit her elbow on the chair

hun slo albuen på stolen

• try to hit the ball with this bat

prøv å slå ballen med dette balltreet

2) treffe, ramme

• he did not hit me

han traff meg ikke

• you've hit it!

der traff du blink!

• a stone hit him on the head

han fikk en stein i hodet

• she was hit by a falling tree

hun ble rammet av et fallende tre

3) treffe, kjøre inn i, kollidere med, støte mot

• the car hit a tree

bilen kjørte inn i et tre

• the ball hit the post

ballen traff stangen

• the bus hit a car

bussen kolliderte med en bil

4) ( overført) ramme, skade, påvirke

• the south coast was hit by a severe storm

den sørlige kysten ble rammet av en kraftig storm

5) ( også overført) angripe, gå til angrep

• the armies hit at dawn

armeene gikk til angrep ved daggry

6) ( hverdagslig) komme på, slå en

• it suddenly hit me

det slo meg plutselig

7) nå, ankomme, komme frem til

• hit a town

komme frem til en by

8) komme på, komme i

• the story hit the newspapers

saken kom i avisene

9) (spesielt amer., slang) myrde (på oppdrag)

10) (spesielt amer., slang) rane

11) ( fekting) touchere

12) (om musikk, film, teaterstykke e.l.) være en suksess, være vellykket

• her new album proved to be a hit

det nye albumet hennes viste seg å være en suksess

13) ( i brettspill) slå ut

14) ( sport) få poeng (i cricket)

15) ( motorteknikk) tenne

feel oneself hit føle seg rammet, føle seg truffet

• that hit him hard

det gikk hardt inn på ham

be hard hit ( overført) være hardt rammet

• he has fallen in love and is hard hit

han er blitt forelsket og er hardt rammet

hit against støte mot

hit a happy medium finne et tilfredsstillende kompromiss

hit a new high nå nye høyder, nå nye rekorder

hit back slå igjen, slå tilbake ( overført) bite fra seg, slå fra seg

hit home gjøre inntrykk på

hit it off ( hverdagslig) komme godt overens

• they hit it off with each other

de kom godt overens

• they didn't hit it off together

de kom ikke godt overens med hverandre

hit off begynne, sette i gang ta på kornet, gjengi treffende

hit off well with passe bra med, klaffe med

hit on finne på, komme på støte på, treffe på, finne tilfeldig ( teknikk) tenne på

• the motor is hitting on all four cylinders

motoren tenner på alle fire sylindrene

hit one in the eye ( hverdagslig) springe en i øynene, slå en umiddelbart, være påfallende

hit one's fancy eller hit somebody's taste falle en i smak

• the new car hit her fancy

den nye bilen falt henne i smak

• hit the public taste

falle i publikums smak

hit on somebody legge an på noen, flørte med noen

• the new guy hit on me yesterday

den nye fyren la an på meg i går

hit out slå omkring seg

hit out at eller hit out against slå etter, lange ut etter ( overført) angripe, gå til angrep på

• hit out at one's critics

gå til angrep på sine kritikere

hit somebody for something (amer., hverdagslig) tigge noen om noe

hit someone (again) (kortspill, gambling) gi en et nytt kort

hit someone a blow gi noen et slag, slå til noen

hit straight eller shoot straight treffe riktig, være treffsikker

hit the books se ➢ book, 1

hit the bottle\/booze ( slang) slå seg på flaska, begynne å drikke

hit the gound running ( hverdagslig) sette i gang med noe med stor entusiasme og høyt tempo

hit the hay\/sack ( hverdagslig) krype til køys, gå og legge seg

hit the nail on the head treffe spikeren på hodet

hit the pavement se ➢ pavement

hit the right note slå an den rette tonen

hit the road ( hverdagslig) dra av gårde (spesielt amer.) dra ut på loffen

hit the road! ( slang) stikk av!

hit the roof\/ceiling (spesielt amer., hverdagslig) fly i flint, bli fly forbannet

hit the skids se ➢ skid

hit the spot ( hverdagslig) dekke et behov, tilfredsstille

hit up ( sport) få poeng (i cricket)

hit upon eller hit on komme på, finne på

• hit upon an idea

få en idé, komme på en løsning

not know what hit one bli tatt på sengen, bli helt forvirret, bli helt paff

English-Norwegian dictionary > hit
3 ■ hit out

■ hit out
A v. i. + avv.

1 menare botte da orbi

2 (fig.) attaccare (fig.); fare critiche violente: to hit out at sb. [st.], attaccare violentemente q. [qc.]; sparare a zero contro q. [qc.] (fig.): He hit out at the government's decision to impose more taxes, ha sparato a zero contro la decisione del governo di aumentare le tasse

B v. t. + avv.

( sport) mandare (o mettere) fuori ( del campo).

English-Italian dictionary > ■ hit out
4 hit

n. 1. цохилт. That was a good \hit! Ёстой сайхан цохилоо доо! 2. амжилтад хүрсэн бүтээл. \hit songs/ records шилдэг дуу/ бичлэг. Her new movie is a smash \hit. Түүний тоглосон шинэ кино нь үнэхээр сайн юм. make a hit (with sb) хүнд таалагдах, сайн ойлголцох. You've made quite a \hit with Bill. Чи ч Биллтэй давгүй сайн нийцэж байна шүү. hit parade n. шилдэг дууны жагсаалт. v. (-tt-) (pt, pp hit) 1. цохих, зодох. My parents never used to \hit me. Эцэг эх минь надад гар хүрч байсан удаа ер үгүй. 2. мөргөх, дайрах. The lorry \hit the lamppost. Ачааны машин шонгийн мод мөргөчихжээ. 3. \hit sth (to sth) цохих, мөргөчих. He \hit his head on the low ceiling. Тэр намхан адарт толгойгоо цохичихжээ. 4. бөмбөг цохих. 5. хүнд тусах, муугаар нөлөөлөх. The tax increases will certainly \hit the poor. Татвар нэмэгдсэн нь ядуучуудад хүндээр тусах нь ойлгомжтой. 6. дайрах. 7. хүрэх. 8. онох. He \hit the target. Тэр байгаа оножээ. 9. гэнэт санах. I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly \hit me. Түүнийг урьд нь хаана харснаа би эхлээд ер мэдэхгүй байснаа гэнэт саналаа шүү. hit the bottle архинд орох, архи эргүүлэх. hit the ceiling/ roof огцом уурсах, гэнэт уурлах. hit the deck газар унах. hit sb (straight/ right) in the eye нүдэнд тусах, илт мэдэгдэх. hit the road аян замдаа гарах, аяллаа эхлэх. hit back хариу зэмлэх, хариу шүүмжлэх, хариу барих. hit on/ upon sth гэнэт санах, санаа олох. hit out (at sb) дайрах, довтлох, өдөх. hit-and-miss (alsо hit-or-miss) n. хайш яаш хийгдсэн эд, баталгаагүй зүйл. hit-and-run adj. 1. хүн дайрчихаад зугтах. 2. жолооч нь зугтсан замын осол. 3. гэнэтийн дайралт. hit list n. хар данс. Which industries are on the government's privatization \hit list? Засгийн газрын өмч хувьчлалын хар дансанд ямар үйлдвэрүүд орсон байна вэ? hit man n. хөлсний алуурчин.

English-Mongolian dictionary > hit
5 beat

past tense; see beat

beat¹ n

1. latido

Se suele decir heartbeat

2. ritmo / tiempo / tempo

this song has got a good beat esta canción tiene un buen ritmo

beat² vb

1. azotar / pegar

in the past they used to beat children en el pasado azotaban a los niños

2. ganar / vencer / derrotar

she beat me at chess me ganó al ajedrez

Leeds beat Arsenal el Leeds derrotó al Arsenal

3. batir

first, beat the eggs primero, bate los huevos

the bird was beating its wings el pájaro batía las alas

4. latir

his heart is not beating su corazón no late

5. tocar

the man is beating the drum el hombre toca el tambor

El pasado de beat es beat y el participio pasado es beaten

beat

tr[biːt]

noun

1 (of heart) latido

2 (noise) golpe nombre masculino, ruido; (of rain) tamborileo; (of wings) aleteo

3 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL ritmo

4 (of policeman) ronda

transitive verb (pt beat, pp beaten tr['bːitən])

1 (hit) golpear; (metals) martillear; (person) azotar; (drum) tocar; (wings) batir

2 SMALLCOOKERY/SMALL batir

3 (defeat) vencer, derrotar; (in competition) ganar

■ he beat him by 10 points le ganó por diez puntos

4 familiar (puzzle) extrañar, dejar perplejo,-a

■ the problem beats me el problema me deja perplejo

intransitive verb

1 (heart) latir

2 (wings) batir

adjective

1 familiar agotado,-a, rendido,-a

■ he was beat after the match estaba rendido después del partido

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to beat about the bush andarse por las ramas

to beat against something golpear contra algo

■ the hail beat against the shutters el granizo golpeaba contra las persianas

to beat on something dar golpes en algo

■ the bailiffs beat on the door los administradores dieron golpes en la puerta

to beat time SMALLMUSIC/SMALL llevar el compás

to beat some sense into somebody meter un poco de sentido común en la cabeza de alguien

to beat somebody to it sentar la mano a alguien

to beat the record batir el récord

to beat somebody to death matar a alguien a palos

to beat somebody's brains out romperle la crisma a alguien

beat it! ¡lárgate!

that beats evertything! ¡esto es el colmo!

it beats me how... no me cabe en la cabeza cómo...

off beat raro,-a, extraño,-a

the beat generation la generación nombre femenino de los beatniks

beat ['bi:t] v, beat ; beaten ['bi:tə n] or beat ; beating vt

1) strike: golpear, pegar, darle una paliza (a alguien)

2) defeat: vencer, derrotar

3) avoid: anticiparse a, evitar

to beat the crowd: evitar el gentío

4) mash, whip: batir

beat vi

throb: palpitar, latir

beat adj

exhausted: derrengado, muy cansado

I'm beat!: ¡estoy molido!

beat n

1) : golpe m, redoble m (de un tambor), latido m (del corazón)

2) rhythm: ritmo m, tiempo m

beat (Music)

n.

• compás s.m.

adj.

• golpe adj.

n.

• batimiento s.m.

• golpe s.m.

• latido s.m.

• marca s.f.

• toque s.m.

pret.

(Preterito definido de "to beat")

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: beat, beaten) = abatanar v.

• acachetear v.

• apalear v.

• aporrear v.

• batanar v.

• batir v.

• cutir v.

• derrotar v.

• golpear v.

• pegar v.

• sacudir v.

• sobar v.

• sobrepasar v.

• solfear v.

• superar v.

• tundir v.

• varear v.

• vencer v.

I
1. biːt
(past beat; past p beaten 'biːtṇ) transitive verb

1)

a) ( hit repeatedly) golpear; \<\<carpet\>\> sacudir; \<\<wings\>\> batir

she beat her fists against the door — aporreó la puerta con los puños

b) ( inflict blows on)

he beats his children — les pega a sus hijos, maltrata a sus hijos

he was beaten to death — lo mataron a golpes

c) ( hammer) \<\<metal\>\> batir

d) ( Culin) batir

2)

a) ( defeat) \<\<opponent\>\> ganarle a, derrotar, vencer*

he always beats me at chess — siempre me gana al ajedrez

you've got to know when you're beaten — hay que saber reconocer la derrota

the government has beaten inflation — el gobierno ha vencido la inflación

(it) beats me how anyone can do such a thing! — no logro entender cómo se puede llegar a hacer una cosa así

if you can't beat them, join them — si no puedes con ellos, únete a ellos

b) ( be better than) \<\<record\>\> batir, superar

our prices can't be beaten — nuestros precios son imbatibles

I scored 470, beat that! — yo saqué 470 ¿a que no me ganas?

you can't beat home-made apple pie — no hay como el pastel de manzana casero

it beats working any day — (colloq) siempre es más divertido que trabajar

3) (arrive before, anticipate)

if we go early we should beat the traffic — si vamos temprano nos evitamos el tráfico

to beat somebody to something: I beat him to the telephone llegué antes que él al teléfono; I'll beat you to the shop te echo or (RPl) te juego una carrera hasta la tienda; to beat somebody to it — adelantársele a alguien

4) ( Mus) \<\<time\>\> marcar*

5) ( tread)

they had beaten a path across the field — habían dejado marcado un sendero en el campo

beat it! — (colloq) lárgate! (fam)

2.

vi

a) ( strike)

to beat on something: he could hear them beating on the door los oía golpear la puerta; the sun beat down on them — el sol caía de lleno sobre ellos

b) ( pulsate) \<\<heart\>\> latir, palpitar; \<\<drum\>\> redoblar; \<\<wings\>\> batir

Phrasal Verbs:

- beat back

- beat down

- beat in

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

- beat up on

II

noun

1) ( of heart) latido m; ( of drum) golpe m

his heart skipped o missed a beat — le dio un vuelco el corazón

2) ( Mus) ( rhythmic accent) tiempo m; ( rhythm) ritmo m

3) ( of policeman) ronda f

on the beat — de ronda

III

adjective (colloq) (pred) ( exhausted) reventado (fam), molido (fam)

to be dead beat — estar* reventado or molido

[biːt] (vb: pt beat) (pp beaten)
1. N

1) (=stroke, blow) [of drum] redoble m; [of heart] latido m

her heart missed or skipped a beat — le dio un vuelco el corazón

he replied without missing a beat — (fig) contestó sin alterarse

2) (=beating) [of drums] redoble m; [of waves, rain] batir m

the beat of wings — el batir de alas
drum
3) (Mus) (=rhythm) compás m, ritmo m; (=rhythmic unit) tiempo m [of conductor]

his beat is not very clear — no marca el compás con mucha claridad

4) (=route) [of policeman] ronda f

he had spent 20 years on the beat — había hecho la ronda durante 20 años

we need more officers on the beat — deberíamos tener más agentes haciendo la ronda

that's rather off my beat — (fig) no es lo mío
pound II, 1., 3)
5) (also: beatnik) beatnik mf

2. VT

1) (=strike, thrash) [+ surface] golpear, dar golpes en; [+ drum] tocar; [+ carpet] sacudir; [+ metal] batir; (Culin) [+ eggs, cream] batir; (Hunting) (to raise game) batir

to beat sth flat — aplanar algo a golpes

I had Latin beaten into me at school — en el colegio me enseñaron latín a fuerza de golpes

he beat his fists on the table — aporreó la mesa con los puños, dio golpes con los puños en la mesa

they had to beat a path through the jungle — tuvieron que abrirse paso a través de la jungla
breast, path 4), a), retreat, track 1., 3)
2) (=beat up) [+ person] pegar

he was badly beaten — le habían dado una buena paliza

to beat sb's brains out * — partir la crisma a algn *, partir la cabeza a algn

to beat sb to death — matar a algn a golpes or de una paliza

3) (=flap) [+ wings] batir

4) (Mus)

to beat time — marcar el compás

5) (=defeat) [+ team, adversary] ganar a; [+ problem] superar

he beat Smith by five seconds — le ganó a Smith por cinco segundos

Arsenal beat Leeds 5-1 — el Arsenal ganó 5-1 contra el Leeds, el Arsenal derrotó al Leeds 5-1

she was easily beaten into third place — fue fácil ganarla haciéndola quedar en el tercer puesto

she doesn't know when she's beaten — no sabe reconocer que ha perdido

our prices cannot be beaten — nuestros precios son insuperables or imbatibles

we've got to beat inflation — tenemos que superar la inflación

"how did he escape?" - "(it) beats me!" * — -¿cómo escapó? -¡no me lo explico! or -¡(no tengo) ni idea!

- if you can't beat them, join them
hollow 3.
6) (=better) [+ record] batir

he beat his own previous best time — batió su propio récord

it beats sitting at home doing nothing * — es mejor que estar en casa sin hacer nada

you can't beat a nice cup of tea * — no hay nada mejor que una buena taza de té

coffee beats tea any day * — el café da cien vueltas al té

that beats everything! * — ¡eso es el colmo!

can you beat it or that? * — ¿has visto cosa igual?

beat it! * — ¡lárgate! *

7) (=pre-empt) adelantarse

if we leave early, we can beat the rush hour — si salimos temprano, nos evitamos la hora punta

I'll beat you to that tree — ¿a que llego antes que tú a aquel árbol?, te echo una carrera hasta aquel árbol

they determined to be the first to get there but the other team beat them to it (by 36 hours) — estaban decididos a llegar los primeros pero el otro equipo les ganó or se les adelantó (en 36 horas)

I could see she was about to object but I beat her to it — me di cuenta de que iba a poner objeciones pero me adelanté

3. VI

1) (=hit)

to beat on or against or at sth — [rain, waves] azotar algo; [person] dar golpes en algo, golpear algo

the waves beat against the harbour wall — las olas azotaban el muro del puerto

someone was beating on the door — alguien estaba dando golpes en or golpeando or aporreando la puerta

she began beating at the flames with a pillow — empezó a apagar las llamas a golpes con una almohada

2) (=sound rhythmically) [heart] latir; [drum] redoblar; [wings] batir

3) (Hunting) (to raise game) batir

- beat about the bush

let's not beat about the bush — no nos andemos con rodeos

stop beating about the bush! — ¡deja de andarte con rodeos!

4. ADJ
*
1) (=exhausted) rendido, molido *; dead 1., 1)

2) (=defeated)

the problem has me beat — me doy por vencido con este problema

Gerald had him beat on the practical side of things — Gerald le daba mil vueltas en el aspecto práctico de las cosas

5.

CPD

beat box N — caja f de ritmos

beat generation N — generación f beat

beat music N — música rock de las décadas de los cincuenta y sesenta

- beat back

- beat down

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

- beat up on

* * *

I
1. [biːt]
(past beat; past p beaten ['biːtṇ]) transitive verb

1)

a) ( hit repeatedly) golpear; \<\<carpet\>\> sacudir; \<\<wings\>\> batir

she beat her fists against the door — aporreó la puerta con los puños

b) ( inflict blows on)

he beats his children — les pega a sus hijos, maltrata a sus hijos

he was beaten to death — lo mataron a golpes

c) ( hammer) \<\<metal\>\> batir

d) ( Culin) batir

2)

a) ( defeat) \<\<opponent\>\> ganarle a, derrotar, vencer*

he always beats me at chess — siempre me gana al ajedrez

you've got to know when you're beaten — hay que saber reconocer la derrota

the government has beaten inflation — el gobierno ha vencido la inflación

(it) beats me how anyone can do such a thing! — no logro entender cómo se puede llegar a hacer una cosa así

if you can't beat them, join them — si no puedes con ellos, únete a ellos

b) ( be better than) \<\<record\>\> batir, superar

our prices can't be beaten — nuestros precios son imbatibles

I scored 470, beat that! — yo saqué 470 ¿a que no me ganas?

you can't beat home-made apple pie — no hay como el pastel de manzana casero

it beats working any day — (colloq) siempre es más divertido que trabajar

3) (arrive before, anticipate)

if we go early we should beat the traffic — si vamos temprano nos evitamos el tráfico

to beat somebody to something: I beat him to the telephone llegué antes que él al teléfono; I'll beat you to the shop te echo or (RPl) te juego una carrera hasta la tienda; to beat somebody to it — adelantársele a alguien

4) ( Mus) \<\<time\>\> marcar*

5) ( tread)

they had beaten a path across the field — habían dejado marcado un sendero en el campo

beat it! — (colloq) lárgate! (fam)

2.

vi

a) ( strike)

to beat on something: he could hear them beating on the door los oía golpear la puerta; the sun beat down on them — el sol caía de lleno sobre ellos

b) ( pulsate) \<\<heart\>\> latir, palpitar; \<\<drum\>\> redoblar; \<\<wings\>\> batir

Phrasal Verbs:

- beat back

- beat down

- beat in

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

- beat up on

II

noun

1) ( of heart) latido m; ( of drum) golpe m

his heart skipped o missed a beat — le dio un vuelco el corazón

2) ( Mus) ( rhythmic accent) tiempo m; ( rhythm) ritmo m

3) ( of policeman) ronda f

on the beat — de ronda

III

adjective (colloq) (pred) ( exhausted) reventado (fam), molido (fam)

to be dead beat — estar* reventado or molido

English-spanish dictionary > beat
6 hard

1. adjective
1) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) duro; sólido

2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) difícil

3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) severo; rudo; seco

4) ((of weather) severe: a hard winter.) duro, severo, riguroso

5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) duro, difícil

6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) dura

2. adverb
1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) duro, con ahínco

2) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) fuerte, fuertemente

3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) fijamente

4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) completamente, totalmente

•

- harden
- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard up

hard¹ adj

1. duro

diamonds are very hard los diamantes son muy duros

2. difícil

it's hard to answer that question es difícil contestar a esa pregunta

hard² adv

1. mucho

it's snowing hard está nevando mucho

he works very hard trabaja mucho

2. duro / fuerte

hit him hard! ¡pégale duro!

hard

tr[hɑːd]

adjective

1 (gen) duro,-a; (solid) sólido,-a

2 (difficult) difícil

3 (harsh) severo,-a

4 (work) arduo,-a, penoso,-a, agotador,-ra

5 figurative use cruel, rudo,-a

6 (fight, match) reñido,-a, disputado,-a; (decision) injusto,-a

7 (fact) innegable; (luck) malo,-a

8 (final decision) definitivo,-a, irrevocable; (person) severo,-a, inflexible

9 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL fuerte

adverb

1 (forcibly) fuerte; (diligently) mucho, de firme, concienzudamente, con ahínco

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

hard of hearing duro,-a de oído

to be hard done by sentirse mal tratado,-a, ser tratado,-a injustamente

to be hard hit by figurative use quedar muy afectado,-a por

to be hard on somebody figurative use tratar a alguien con severidad, tratar a alguien con dureza

to be hard on somebody's heels figurative use pisar los talones a alguien

to be hard pushed to do something figurative use verse apurado,-a para realizar algo

to be hard up familiar estar sin blanca

to drive a hard bargain figurative use negociar con dureza

to have a hard time familiar pasarlo canutas, pasarlo mal

to take something very hard tomar algo muy a pecho, encajar algo muy mal

to work hard trabajar mucho

hard core (group) núcleo 2 (material) lecho de grava

hard drinker bebedor,-ra empedernido,-a

hard evidence pruebas nombre femenino plural definitivas

hard labour trabajos nombre masculino plural forzados

hard luck mala suerte

hard shoulder arcén nombre masculino

hard ['hɑrd] adv

1) forcefully: fuerte, con fuerza

the wind blew hard: el viento sopló fuerte

2) strenuously: duro, mucho

to work hard: trabajar duro

3)

to take something hard : tomarse algo muy mal, estar muy afectado por algo

hard adj

1) firm, solid: duro, firme, sólido

2) difficult: difícil, arduo

3) severe: severo, duro

a hard winter: un invierno severo

4) unfeeling: insensible, duro

5) diligent: diligente

to be a hard worker: ser muy trabajador

6)

hard liquor : bebidas fpl fuertes

7)

hard water : agua f dura

hard

adj.

• arduo, -a adj.

• calloso, -a adj.

• dificultoso, -a adj.

• difícil adj.

• duro, -a adj.

• endurecido, -a adj.

• firme adj.

• fuerte adj.

• laborioso, -a adj.

• peliagudo, -a adj.

• recio, -a adj.

• rudo, -a adj.

• sólido, -a adj.

• terco, -a adj.

• tieso, -a adj.

adv.

• apretadamente adv.

• difícilmente adv.

• duro adv.

• mucho adv.

• recio adv.

• tieso adv.

I hɑːrd, hɑːd
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) (firm, solid) <object/surface> duro

to set hard — endurecerse*

to freeze hard — helarse*

b) ( forceful) <push/knock> fuerte

2)

a) ( difficult) <question/subject> difícil; < task> arduo

hard to come by — difícil de conseguir

he's hard to please — es difícil de complacer, es exigente

I find that hard to believe — me cuesta creerlo

to learn something the hard way — aprender algo a base de cometer errores

b) ( severe) <winter/climate/master> duro, severo

to give somebody a hard time — hacérselas* pasar mal a alguien

these are hard times we're living in — vivimos tiempos difíciles

don't be too hard on him — no seas demasiado duro con él

hard luck — mala suerte

c) (tough, cynical) <person/attitude> duro, insensible

3) (concentrated, strenuous)

to take a long hard look at something — analizar* seriamente algo

children are very hard work — los niños dan mucho trabajo

he's a hard worker — es muy trabajador

4) ( definite) < evidence> concluyente

5) (sharp, harsh) <light/voice> fuerte; < expression> duro

6)

a) ( in strongest forms)

hard drugs — drogas fpl duras

hard liquor — bebidas fpl (alcohólicas) fuertes

hard porn — porno m duro

b) ( Fin)

hard cash — dinero m contante y sonante, efectivo m

hard currency — divisa f or moneda f fuerte

c) < water> duro

d) ( Ling) <sound/consonant> fuerte

II

adverb -er, -est

1)

a) ( with force) <pull/push> con fuerza; < hit> fuerte

b) ( strenuously) < work> mucho, duro, duramente

I was hard at work — estaba concentrado en mi trabajo

he works his students very hard — hace trabajar mucho a sus alumnos

no matter how hard I try — por más que me esfuerzo

think hard before you decide — piénsalo muy bien antes de decidir

to be hard put o (BrE also) pushed to + inf: you'd be hard put (to it) to find a better doctor — sería difícil encontrar un médico mejor

c) ( intently) < listen> atentamente, con atención

2) ( heavily) <rain/snow> fuerte, mucho; <pant/breathe> pesadamente

3) ( severely)

the southern states have been hardest hit — los estados del sur han sido los más afectados

her death hit him very hard — su muerte fue un duro golpe para él

to take something hard — tomarse algo muy mal

to be/feel hard done by: she thinks she has been o she feels hard done by — piensa que la han tratado injustamente

[hɑːd]
1. ADJ
(compar harder) (superl hardest)
1) (=not soft) [object, substance, cheese, skin] duro; [ground, snow] duro, compacto

• baked hard — endurecido (al sol o en el horno)

• to become or go hard — ponerse duro, endurecerse

• the water is very hard here — aquí el agua es muy dura or tiene mucha cal

- be as hard as nails

- as hard as a rock
nut
2) (=harsh, severe) [climate, winter, person] duro, severo; [frost] fuerte; [words, tone] duro, áspero; [expression, eyes, voice] serio, duro; [drink, liquor] fuerte; [drugs] duro; [fact] concreto; [evidence] irrefutable

• a hard blow — (fig) un duro golpe

• to take a long hard look at sth — examinar algo detenidamente

• to be hard on sb — ser muy duro con algn, darle duro a algn (LAm)

don't be so hard on him, it's not his fault — no seas tan duro con él, no es culpa suya

aren't you being a bit hard on yourself? — ¿no estás siendo un poco duro contigo mismo?

to be hard on one's clothes — destrozar la ropa

the light was hard on the eyes — la luz hacía daño a los ojos

- be as hard as nails
feeling
3) (=strenuous, tough) [work, day] duro; [fight, match] muy reñido

gardening is hard work — arreglar el jardín es un trabajo duro

phew, that was hard work! — ¡uf!, ¡ha costado lo suyo!

he's not afraid of hard work — el trabajo duro no le asusta

coping with three babies is very hard work — tres bebés dan mucha tarea or mucho trabajo, arreglárselas con tres bebés es una dura or ardua tarea

it's hard work getting her to talk about herself — cuesta mucho or resulta muy trabajoso hacerla hablar sobre sí misma

to be a hard worker — ser muy trabajador(a)

4) (=difficult) [exam, decision, choice] difícil

to be hard to do: it's hard to study on your own — es difícil estudiar por tu cuenta

he found it hard to make friends — le resultaba difícil hacer amigos

I find it hard to believe that... — me cuesta (trabajo) creer que...

bloodstains are hard to remove — las manchas de sangre son difíciles de quitar

to be hard to come by — ser difícil de conseguir

that is a very hard question to answer — esa es una pregunta muy difícil de responder

to be hard to deal with — ser de trato difícil

to be hard to please — ser muy exigente or quisquilloso

• to be hard of hearing — ser duro de oído

• he's learning the hard way — está aprendiendo a base de cometer errores

we shall have to do it the hard way — tendremos que hacerlo a pulso
bargain, play 3., 4)
5) (=tough, unpleasant) [life, times] duro

it's a hard life! — ¡qué vida más dura!

those were hard times to live in — aquellos eran tiempos duros, la vida era dura en aquellos tiempos

her family had fallen on hard times — su familia estaba pasando por dificultades económicas

to have a hard time — pasarlo mal

to have a hard time doing sth — tener problemas para hacer algo

to give sb a hard time — hacérselo pasar mal a algn

- take a hard line against/over sth

- hard lines

hard lines! — ¡qué mala suerte!, ¡qué mala pata! *
going, hard-line, hard-liner
6) (=forceful) [push, tug, kick] fuerte

7) (Phon, Ling) [sound] fuerte; [consonant] oclusivo

2. ADV
(compar harder) (superl hardest)
1) (=with a lot of effort) [work] duro, mucho; [study] mucho

he had worked hard all his life — había trabajado duro or mucho toda su vida

he works very hard — trabaja muy duro, trabaja mucho

she works hard at keeping herself fit — se esfuerza mucho por mantenerse en forma

he was hard at work in the garden — estaba trabajando afanosamente or con ahínco en el jardín

• he was breathing hard — respiraba con dificultad

• we're saving hard for our holidays — estamos ahorrando todo lo que podemos para las vacaciones, estamos ahorrando al máximo para las vacaciones

• to try hard, she always tries hard — siempre se esfuerza mucho

I can't do it, no matter how hard I try — no puedo hacerlo, por mucho que lo intente

to try one's hardest to do sth — esforzarse al máximo por hacer algo

maybe you're trying too hard — a lo mejor tienes que tomártelo con más calma

to be hard at it —

Bill was hard at it in the garden * — Bill se estaba empleando a fondo en el jardín, Bill estaba dándole duro al jardín *

2) (=with force) [hit] fuerte, duro; [pull, push, blow] con fuerza; [snow, rain] fuerte, mucho

she pushed the wardrobe as hard as she could — empujó el armario con todas sus fuerzas

• the government decided to clamp down hard on terrorism — el gobierno decidió tomar medidas duras contra el terrorismo

• she was feeling hard done by — pensaba que la habían tratado injustamente

• hard hit — seriamente afectado

to hit sb hard — (fig) ser un duro golpe para algn

California has been (particularly) hard hit by the crisis — California (en particular) se ha visto seriamente afectada por la crisis

• I would be hard pushed or put to think of another plan — me resultaría difícil pensar en otro plan

we'll be hard pushed or put to finish this tonight! — ¡nos va a ser difícil terminar esto esta noche!

• to take sth hard — tomarse algo muy mal *

he took it pretty hard — se lo tomó muy mal, fue un duro golpe para él, le golpeó mucho (LAm)

• to be hard up * — estar pelado *, no tener un duro (Sp) *

to be hard up for sth — estar falto or escaso de algo
hard-pressed
3) (=solid)

• to freeze hard — quedarse congelado

• to set hard — [cement etc] fraguar, endurecerse

4) (=intently) [listen] atentamente; [concentrate] al máximo

• to look hard (at sth) — fijarse mucho (en algo)

• think hard before you make a decision — piénsalo muy bien antes de tomar una decisión

I thought hard but I couldn't remember his name — por más que pensé or por más vueltas que le di no pude recordar su nombre

5) (=sharply)

• hard a-port/ a-starboard — (Naut) todo a babor/estribor

• to turn hard left/ right — girar todo a la izquierda/derecha

6) (=closely)

• hard behind sth — justo detrás de algo

I hurried upstairs with my sister hard behind me — subí las escaleras corriendo con mi hermana que venía justo detrás

• hard upon sth — (=just after) justo después de algo

the launch of the book followed hard upon the success of the film — el lanzamiento del libro se produjo justo después del éxito de la película
heel
3.

CPD

hard cash N — dinero m contante y sonante, (dinero m en) efectivo m

hard centre, hard center (US) N — relleno m duro

hard cider (US) N — sidra f

hard copy N — (Comput) copia f impresa

the hard core N — (=intransigents) los incondicionales, el núcleo duro
hard-core
hard court N — (Tennis) cancha f (de tenis) de cemento, pista f (de tenis) de cemento

hard currency N — moneda f fuerte, divisa f fuerte

hard disk N — (Comput) disco m duro

hard goods NPL — productos mpl no perecederos

hard hat N — (=riding hat) gorra f de montar; [of construction worker] casco m; (=construction worker) albañil mf

hard labour, hard labor (US) N — trabajos mpl forzados

hard landing N — aterrizaje m duro

the hard left N — (esp Brit) la extrema izquierda, la izquierda radical

hard luck N — mala suerte f

we had a bit of hard luck this season — hemos tenido un poco de mala suerte esta temporada

• to be hard luck on sb, it was hard luck on him — tuvo mala suerte

hard luck! — ¡(qué) mala suerte!

hard news N — noticias fpl fidedignas

hard palate N — paladar m

hard porn * N — porno m duro

the hard right N — (esp Brit) la extrema derecha, la derecha radical

hard rock N — (Mus) rock m duro

hard sell N — venta f agresiva

hard sell tactics — táctica fsing de venta agresiva

hard sell techniques — técnicas fpl de venta agresiva

hard shoulder N — (Brit) (Aut) arcén m, hombrillo m

hard stuff * N — (=alcohol) alcohol m duro, bebidas fpl fuertes; (=drugs) droga f dura

he fancied a drop of the hard stuff — le apetecía una copita de algo fuerte

hard top N — (=car) coche m no descapotable; (=car roof) techo m rígido

hard water N — agua f dura, agua f con mucha cal

* * *

I [hɑːrd, hɑːd]
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) (firm, solid) <object/surface> duro

to set hard — endurecerse*

to freeze hard — helarse*

b) ( forceful) <push/knock> fuerte

2)

a) ( difficult) <question/subject> difícil; < task> arduo

hard to come by — difícil de conseguir

he's hard to please — es difícil de complacer, es exigente

I find that hard to believe — me cuesta creerlo

to learn something the hard way — aprender algo a base de cometer errores

b) ( severe) <winter/climate/master> duro, severo

to give somebody a hard time — hacérselas* pasar mal a alguien

these are hard times we're living in — vivimos tiempos difíciles

don't be too hard on him — no seas demasiado duro con él

hard luck — mala suerte

c) (tough, cynical) <person/attitude> duro, insensible

3) (concentrated, strenuous)

to take a long hard look at something — analizar* seriamente algo

children are very hard work — los niños dan mucho trabajo

he's a hard worker — es muy trabajador

4) ( definite) < evidence> concluyente

5) (sharp, harsh) <light/voice> fuerte; < expression> duro

6)

a) ( in strongest forms)

hard drugs — drogas fpl duras

hard liquor — bebidas fpl (alcohólicas) fuertes

hard porn — porno m duro

b) ( Fin)

hard cash — dinero m contante y sonante, efectivo m

hard currency — divisa f or moneda f fuerte

c) < water> duro

d) ( Ling) <sound/consonant> fuerte

II

adverb -er, -est

1)

a) ( with force) <pull/push> con fuerza; < hit> fuerte

b) ( strenuously) < work> mucho, duro, duramente

I was hard at work — estaba concentrado en mi trabajo

he works his students very hard — hace trabajar mucho a sus alumnos

no matter how hard I try — por más que me esfuerzo

think hard before you decide — piénsalo muy bien antes de decidir

to be hard put o (BrE also) pushed to + inf: you'd be hard put (to it) to find a better doctor — sería difícil encontrar un médico mejor

c) ( intently) < listen> atentamente, con atención

2) ( heavily) <rain/snow> fuerte, mucho; <pant/breathe> pesadamente

3) ( severely)

the southern states have been hardest hit — los estados del sur han sido los más afectados

her death hit him very hard — su muerte fue un duro golpe para él

to take something hard — tomarse algo muy mal

to be/feel hard done by: she thinks she has been o she feels hard done by — piensa que la han tratado injustamente

English-spanish dictionary > hard
7 pass

1. verb
1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) passere; køre forbi; gå forbi; gå igennem

2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) sende rundt; gå i arv

3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) overgå

4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) overhale

5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) tilbringe

6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) vedtage

7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) afsige; udtale

8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) forsvinde

9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) bestå
2. noun
1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) pas; -pas

2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) billet; adgangskort

3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) bestået

4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) aflevering

•

- passable
- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up
* * *
1. verb
1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) passere; køre forbi; gå forbi; gå igennem

2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) sende rundt; gå i arv

3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) overgå

4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) overhale

5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) tilbringe

6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) vedtage

7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) afsige; udtale

8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) forsvinde

9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) bestå
2. noun
1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) pas; -pas

2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) billet; adgangskort

3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) bestået

4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) aflevering

•

- passable
- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up

English-Danish dictionary > pass
8 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
9 head

hed
1. noun
1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) cabeza

2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) cabeza, mente

3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) cabeza

4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; (also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) cabeza, jefe

5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) cabeza

6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) fuente, nacimiento

7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) cabecera, principio

8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) a la cabeza de, al frente de

9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) madera; cabeza

10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) director; directora

11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) por cabeza

12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) cabo, punta

13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) espuma

2. verb
1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) encabezar

2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) encabezar, estar al frente de, dirigir

3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) dirigirse a, encaminarse hacia, ir rumbo a

4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) titular

5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) cabecear, rematar con la cabeza

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- - headed
- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head

head¹ n

1. cabeza

mind your head! ¡cuidado con la cabeza!

get that idea out of your head quítate esa idea de la cabeza

2. cabecera

the head of the table la cabecera de la mesa

3. jefe / director

the head of the company el director de la compañía

to keep your head mantener la calma

to lose your head perder la calma

head² vb

1. encabezar / ir a la cabeza

the prince headed the procession el príncipe iba a la cabeza de la procesión

2. cabecear / dar de cabeza

the forward headed the ball into the goal el delantero cabeceó el balón y lo metió en la portería

to head for... dirigirse a... / ir camino de...

I'm heading for home me dirijo a casa / voy camino de casa

head

tr[hed]

noun

1 (gen) cabeza; (mind) mente nombre femenino

■ my head was spinning la cabeza me daba vueltas

2 (on tape recorder, video) cabezal nombre masculino

3 (of bed, table) cabecera

4 (of page) principio

5 (on beer) espuma

6 (cape) cabo, punta

7 (of school, company) director,-ra

8 (cattle) res nombre femenino

■ four hundred head of cattle cuatrocientas reses, cuatrocientas cabezas de ganado

9 (coin) cara

10 (of cabbage, lettuce) cogollo; (of cauliflower) pella

adjective

1 principal, jefe

■ he's the head gardener es el jardinero jefe

transitive verb

1 (company, list etc) encabezar

■ she heads the list of winners ella encabeza la lista de ganadores

2 (ball) rematar de cabeza, dar un cabezazo a, cabecear

■ he headed the ball into the net metió un gol de un cabezazo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

from head to toe / from head to foot de pies a cabeza

heads or tails? ¿cara o cruz?

off the top of one's head sin pensárselo, así de entrada

on your own head be it! ¡allá te las compongas!

per head por barba, por cabeza

■ it cost us £12 per head nos costó doce libras por barba

to be head over heels in love with somebody estar locamente enamorado,-a de alguien

to be off one's head estar chiflado,-a

to bite somebody's head off familiar echar una bronca a alguien

to do something standing on one's head hacer algo con los ojos vendados

to have a good head for figures tener facilidad para los números

to have a head for heights no padecer vértigo

to keep one's head above water mantenerse a flote

to keep one's head mantener la calma

to laugh one's head off reírse a carcajadas

two heads are better than one cuatro ojos ven más que dos

head teacher director,-ra

head start ventaja

head office oficina central

head ['hɛd] vt

1) lead: encabezar

2) direct: dirigir

head vi

: dirigirse

head adj

main: principal

the head office: la oficina central, la sede

head n

1) : cabeza f

from head to foot: de pies a cabeza

2) mind: mente f, cabeza f

3) tip, top: cabeza f (de un clavo, un martillo, etc.), cabecera f (de una mesa o un río), punta f (de una flecha), flor m (de un repollo, etc.), encabezamiento m (de una carta, etc.), espuma f (de cerveza)

4) director, leader: director m, -tora f; jefe m, -fa f; cabeza f (de una familia)

5) : cara f (de una moneda)

heads or tails: cara o cruz

6) : cabeza f

500 head of cattle: 500 cabezas de ganado

$10 a head: $10 por cabeza

7)

to come to a head : llegar a un punto crítico

head

adj.

• primero, -a adj.

• principal adj.

n.

• cabecera s.f.

• cabeza s.f.

• cabezuela s.f.

• director s.m.

• dirigente s.m.

• encabezamiento s.m.

• mayor s.m.

• mollera s.f.

• principal s.m.

• testa s.f.

head (s.o.) off (On the road, etc.)

expr.

• atajar v.

• cortarle el paso expr.

v.

• cabecear v.

• descabezar v.

• dirigir v.

• encabezar v.

• mandar v.

hed
I

noun

1) ( Anat) cabeza f

a fine head of hair — una buena cabellera

to stand on one's head — pararse de cabeza (AmL), hacer* el pino (Esp)

from head to foot o toe — de pies a cabeza, de arriba (a) abajo

he's a head taller than his brother — le lleva or le saca la cabeza a su hermano

head over heels: she tripped and went head over heels down the steps tropezó y cayó rodando escaleras abajo; to be head over heels in love estar* locamente or perdidamente enamorado; heads up! (AmE colloq) ojo! (fam), cuidado!; on your/his (own) head be it la responsabilidad es tuya/suya; to bang one's head against a (brick) wall darse* (con) la cabeza contra la pared; to be able to do something standing on one's head poder* hacer algo con los ojos cerrados; to bite o snap somebody's head off echarle una bronca a alguien (fam); to bury one's head in the sand hacer* como el avestruz; to get one's head down (colloq) ( work hard) ponerse* a trabajar en serio; ( settle for sleep) (BrE) irse* a dormir; to go over somebody's head ( bypassing hierarchy) pasar por encima de alguien; ( exceeding comprehension): his lecture went straight over my head no entendí nada de su conferencia; to go to somebody's head subírsele a la cabeza a alguien; to have a big o swelled o (BrE) swollen head ser* un creído; he's getting a swelled o (BrE) swollen head se le están subiendo los humos a la cabeza; to have one's head in the clouds tener* la cabeza llena de pájaros; to hold one's head up o high o up high ir* con la cabeza bien alta; to keep one's head above water mantenerse* a flote; to keep one's head down ( avoid attention) mantenerse* al margen; ( work hard) no levantar la cabeza; (lit: keep head lowered) no levantar la cabeza; to knock something on the head (colloq) dar* al traste con algo; to laugh one's head off reírse* a mandíbula batiente, desternillarse de (la) risa; to scream/shout one's head off gritar a voz en cuello; to make head or tail o (AmE also) heads or tails of something entender* algo; I can't make head or tail of it para mí esto no tiene ni pies ni cabeza; to rear one's ugly head: racism/fascism reared its ugly head again volvió a aparecer el fantasma del racismo/fascismo; to stand/be head and shoulders above somebody ( be superior) darle* cien vueltas a alguien, estar* muy por encima de alguien; to stand o turn something on its head darle* la vuelta a algo, poner* algo patas arriba (fam), dar* vuelta algo (CS); to turn somebody's head: the sort of good looks that turn heads el tipo de belleza que llama la atención or que hace que la gente se vuelva a mirar; (before n) head injury — lesión f en la cabeza

2) (mind, brain) cabeza f

I said the first thing that came into my head — dije lo primero que se me ocurrió or que me vino a la cabeza

she added it up in her head — hizo la suma mentalmente

he needs his head examined — está or anda mal de la cabeza

he has an old head on young shoulders — es muy maduro para su edad

she has a good head for business/figures — tiene cabeza para los negocios/los números

I've no head for heights — sufro de vértigo

I need to keep a clear head for the interview — tengo que estar despejado para la entrevista

use your head! — usa la cabeza!, piensa un poco!

if we put our heads together, we'll be able to think of something — si lo pensamos juntos, algo se nos ocurrirá

it never entered my head that... — ni se me pasó por la cabeza or jamás pensé que...

to get something into somebody's head — meterle* algo en la cabeza a alguien

to be off one's head — (colloq) estar* chiflado (fam), estar* or andar* mal de la cabeza

to be out of one's head — (sl) ( on drugs) estar* flipado or volado or (Col) volando or (Méx) hasta atrás (arg); ( drunk) estar* como una cuba (fam)

to be soft o weak in the head — estar* mal de la cabeza

to get one's head (a)round something: I can't get my head (a)round this new system no me entra este nuevo sistema; to have one's head screwed on (right o the right way) (colloq) tener* la cabeza bien puesta or sentada; to keep/lose one's head mantener*/perder* la calma; two heads are better than one — cuatro ojos ven más que dos

3)

a) ( of celery) cabeza f; (of nail, tack, pin) cabeza f; (of spear, arrow) punta f; ( of hammer) cabeza f, cotillo m; ( of pimple) punta f, cabeza f; ( on beer) espuma f; ( of river) cabecera f

b) (top end - of bed, table) cabecera f; (- of page, letter) encabezamiento m; (- of procession, line) cabeza f

4)

a) ( chief) director, -tora m,f

head of state/government — jefe, -fa m,f de Estado/de Gobierno

the head of the household — el/la cabeza de familia; (before n)

head buyer — jefe, -fa m,f de compras

head girl/boy — (BrE Educ) alumno elegido para representar al alumnado de un colegio

head waiter — maître m, capitán m de meseros (Méx)

b) ( head teacher) (esp BrE) director, -tora m,f (de colegio)

5)

a) ( person)

$15 per head — 15 dólares por cabeza or persona

b) pl head ( Agr)

700 head of cattle — 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno

6) ( crisis)

to come to a head — hacer* crisis, llegar* a un punto crítico

his arrival brought the conflict to a head — su llegada hizo estallar el conflicto

7)

a) ( magnetic device) (Audio, Comput) cabeza f, cabezal m

b) ( of drill) cabezal m

c) ( cylinder head) culata f

8) ( Geog) cabo m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<march/procession\>\> encabezar*, ir* a la cabeza de; \<\<list\>\> encabezar*

b) \<\<revolt\>\> acaudillar, ser* el cabecilla de; \<\<team\>\> capitanear; \<\<expedition/department\>\> dirigir*, estar* al frente de

2) ( direct) (+ adv compl) \<\<vehicle/ship\>\> dirigir*

which way are you headed? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

3) ( in soccer) \<\<ball\>\> cabecear

4) \<\<page/chapter\>\> encabezar*

2.

vi

the car was heading west — el coche iba en dirección oeste

where are you heading? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

it's time we were heading back — ya va siendo hora de que volvamos or regresemos

Phrasal Verbs:

- head for

- head off

- head up

[hed]
1. N

1) (=part of body) cabeza f

• my head aches — me duele la cabeza

• the horse won by a (short) head — el caballo ganó por una cabeza (escasa)

• he went head first into the ditch/wall — se cayó de cabeza en la zanja/se dio de cabeza contra la pared

the government is ploughing head first into another crisis — el gobierno avanza irremediablemente hacia otra crisis

• from head to foot — de pies a cabeza

• to give a horse its head — soltar las riendas a un caballo

to give sb his/her head — dar rienda suelta a algn

• wine goes to my head — el vino se me sube a la cabeza

success has gone to his head — el éxito se le ha subido a la cabeza

• head of hair — cabellera f

• to go head over heels — caer de cabeza

to fall head over heels in love with sb — enamorarse perdidamente de algn

• to keep one's head down — (lit) no levantar la cabeza; (=work hard) trabajar de lo lindo; (=avoid being noticed) intentar pasar desapercibido

• to nod one's head — decir que sí or asentir con la cabeza

• to shake one's head — decir que no or negar con la cabeza

• he stands head and shoulders above the rest — (lit) les saca más de una cabeza a los demás; (fig) los demás no le llegan a la suela del zapato

• to stand on one's head — hacer el pino

I could do it standing on my head * — lo podría hacer con los ojos cerrados

• she is a head taller than her sister — le saca una cabeza a su hermana

• from head to toe — de pies a cabeza

• I ought to bang or knock your heads together — os voy a dar un coscorrón a los dos *

• he turned his head and looked back at her — volvió la cabeza y la miró

- I can't get my head around that

- have one's head up one's arse or ass

- bite sb's head off

- put or lay one's head on the block

- get one's head down

to go over sb's head —

they went over my head to the manager — pasaron por encima de mí y fueron directamente al gerente

- hold one's head up high

with head held high — con la frente bien alta or erguida

- laugh one's head off

- stand or turn sth on its head

- on your own head be it!

- want sb's head on a plate

- turn one's head the other way

- heads will roll

- bury or hide or stick one's head in the sand

- scream/shout one's head off

- I can't make head nor or or tail of it

I can't make head nor or or tail of what he's saying — no entiendo nada de lo que dice

- turn heads

she had the kind of looks that turn heads — tenía ese tipo de belleza que llama la atención

- keep one's head above water
acid 3., cloud 1., hang 1., 1), knock, price 1., 1), rear, swell 3., 1), top I, 1., 11)
2) (=intellect, mind) cabeza f

use your head! — ¡usa la cabeza!

you never know what's going on in his head — nunca sabes lo que le está pasando por la cabeza

it's gone right out of my head — se me ha ido de la cabeza, se me ha olvidado

it was the first thing that came into my head — fue lo primero que me vino a la cabeza

• it was above their heads — no lo entendían

• it's better to come to it with a clear head in the morning — es mejor hacerlo por la mañana con la cabeza despejada

• it never entered my head — ni se me pasó por la cabeza siquiera

• you need your head examining or examined — tú estás mal de la cabeza

• to have a head for business/figures — ser bueno para los negocios/con los números

• I have no head for heights — tengo vértigo

• to do a sum in one's head — hacer un cálculo mental

he added it all up in his head — lo sumó todo mentalmente

• he has got it into his head that... — se le ha metido en la cabeza que...

I wish he would get it into his thick head that... — ya me gustaría que le entrara en ese cabezón que tiene que...

who put that (idea) into your head? — ¿quién te ha metido eso en la cabeza?

don't put ideas into his head — no le metas ideas en la cabeza

• I can't get that tune out of my head — no puedo quitarme esa música de la cabeza

• it was over their heads — no lo entendían

it went way over my head — no entendí nada

• I'm sure if we put our heads together we can work something out — estoy seguro de que si intercambiamos ideas encontraremos una solución

• to take it into one's head to do sth, he took it into his head to go to Australia — se le metió en la cabeza ir a Australia

• don't worry your head about it — no te preocupes, no le des muchas vueltas

- keep one's head

- lose one's head

- be/go off one's head

you must be off your head! — ¡estás como una cabra!

- be out of one's head

- he's got his head screwed on

- be soft or weak in the head

- go soft in the head

- all that flattery will turn his head

- two heads are better than one

3) (=leader) [of firm] director(a) m / f; (esp Brit) [of school] director(a) m / f

• head of department — (in school, firm) jefe(-a) m / f de departamento

head of French — el jefe/la jefa del departamento de francés

• head of (the) household — cabeza mf de familia

• head of state — (Pol) jefe(-a) m / f de Estado

4) (=top part) [of hammer, pin, spot] cabeza f; [of arrow, spear] punta f; [of stick, cane] puño m; [of bed, page] cabecera f; [of stairs] parte f alta; (on beer) espuma f; [of river] cabecera f, nacimiento m; [of valley] final m; [of mountain pass] cima f

at the head of — [+ organization] a la cabeza de; [+ train] en la parte delantera de

to be at the head of the class — ser el mejor de la clase

to be at the head of the league — ir a la cabeza de la liga

to be at the head of the list — encabezar la lista

to be at the head of the queue — ser el primero en la cola

to sit at the head of the table — sentarse en la cabecera de la mesa, presidir la mesa

5) (Bot) [of flower] cabeza f, flor f; [of corn] mazorca f

• a head of celery/ garlic — una cabeza de apio/ajo

• a head of lettuce — una lechuga

6) (Tech) (on tape-recorder) cabezal m, cabeza f magnética; [of cylinder] culata f; (Comput) cabeza f

reading/writing head — cabeza f de lectura/grabación

7) (=culmination)

• this will bring matters to a head — esto llevará las cosas a un punto crítico

• to come to a head — [situation] alcanzar un punto crítico

8) heads (on coin) cara f

it came down heads — salió cara

heads or tails? — ¿cara o cruz?, ¿águila o sol? (Mex)

to toss heads or tails — echar a cara o cruz

- heads I win, tails you lose

9) (no pl) (=unit)

20 head of cattle — 20 cabezas de ganado (vacuno)

£15 a or per head — 15 libras por cabeza or persona

10) (Naut) proa f

head to wind — con la proa a barlovento or de cara al viento

11) (Geog) cabo m

12) (=pressure)

head of steam — presión f de vapor

head of water — presión f de agua

13) (=height) [of water]

there has to be a head of six feet between the tank and the bath — el tanque tiene que estar a una altura de dos metros con respecto al baño

14) (=title) titular m; (=subject heading) encabezamiento m

this comes under the head of... — esto viene en el apartado de...

2. VT

1) (=be at front of) [+ procession, league, poll] encabezar, ir a la cabeza de; [+ list] encabezar

2) (=be in charge of) [+ organization] dirigir; (Sport) [+ team] capitanear

3) (=steer) [+ ship, car, plane] dirigir

4) (Ftbl) [+ goal] cabecear

to head the ball — cabecear (el balón)

5) [+ chapter] encabezar

3.

VI

where are you heading or headed? — ¿hacia dónde vas?, ¿para dónde vas?

he hitched a ride on a truck heading or headed west — hizo autostop y lo recogió un camión que iba hacia el oeste

he headed up the hill — se dirigió hacia la cima de la colina

they were heading home/back to town — volvían a casa/a la ciudad

4.

CPD

head boy N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegado m de la escuela (alumno)

head buyer N — jefe(-a) m / f de compras

head case * N — (Brit) majara * mf, chiflado(-a) * m / f

head cheese N — (US) queso m de cerdo, cabeza f de jabalí (Sp), carne f en gelatina

head chef N — chef mf, jefe(-a) m / f de cocina

head clerk N — encargado(-a) m / f

head coach N — (Sport) primer(a) entrenador(a) m / f

head cold N — resfriado m (de cabeza)

head count N — recuento m de personas

to take a head count — hacer un recuento de personas

head gardener N — jefe(-a) m / f de jardineros

head girl N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegada f de la escuela (alumna)

head height N — altura f de la cabeza

• at head height — a la altura de la cabeza

head injury N — herida f en la cabeza

head lice NPL — piojos mpl

head massage N — masaje m en la cabeza

• to give sb a head massage — masajearle la cabeza a algn, darle un masaje en la cabeza a algn

head nurse N — enfermero(-a) m / f jefe

head office N — sede f central

head prefect N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegado(-a) m / f de la escuela (alumno/alumna)

head restraint N — (Aut) apoyacabezas m inv, reposacabezas m inv

head start N — ventaja f

a good education gives your child a head start in life — una buena educación sitúa a su hijo en una posición aventajada en la vida

to have a head start (over or on sb) — (Sport, fig) tener ventaja (sobre algn)

he has a head start over other candidates — tiene ventaja sobre or les lleva ventaja a otros candidatos

even if he had a head start he couldn't possibly win — ni empezando con ventaja podría ganar

head teacher N — director(a) m / f

head waiter N — maître m

head wound N — herida f en la cabeza

- head back

- head down

- head for

- head off

- head out

- head up

* * *
[hed]
I

noun

1) ( Anat) cabeza f

a fine head of hair — una buena cabellera

to stand on one's head — pararse de cabeza (AmL), hacer* el pino (Esp)

from head to foot o toe — de pies a cabeza, de arriba (a) abajo

he's a head taller than his brother — le lleva or le saca la cabeza a su hermano

head over heels: she tripped and went head over heels down the steps tropezó y cayó rodando escaleras abajo; to be head over heels in love estar* locamente or perdidamente enamorado; heads up! (AmE colloq) ojo! (fam), cuidado!; on your/his (own) head be it la responsabilidad es tuya/suya; to bang one's head against a (brick) wall darse* (con) la cabeza contra la pared; to be able to do something standing on one's head poder* hacer algo con los ojos cerrados; to bite o snap somebody's head off echarle una bronca a alguien (fam); to bury one's head in the sand hacer* como el avestruz; to get one's head down (colloq) ( work hard) ponerse* a trabajar en serio; ( settle for sleep) (BrE) irse* a dormir; to go over somebody's head ( bypassing hierarchy) pasar por encima de alguien; ( exceeding comprehension): his lecture went straight over my head no entendí nada de su conferencia; to go to somebody's head subírsele a la cabeza a alguien; to have a big o swelled o (BrE) swollen head ser* un creído; he's getting a swelled o (BrE) swollen head se le están subiendo los humos a la cabeza; to have one's head in the clouds tener* la cabeza llena de pájaros; to hold one's head up o high o up high ir* con la cabeza bien alta; to keep one's head above water mantenerse* a flote; to keep one's head down ( avoid attention) mantenerse* al margen; ( work hard) no levantar la cabeza; (lit: keep head lowered) no levantar la cabeza; to knock something on the head (colloq) dar* al traste con algo; to laugh one's head off reírse* a mandíbula batiente, desternillarse de (la) risa; to scream/shout one's head off gritar a voz en cuello; to make head or tail o (AmE also) heads or tails of something entender* algo; I can't make head or tail of it para mí esto no tiene ni pies ni cabeza; to rear one's ugly head: racism/fascism reared its ugly head again volvió a aparecer el fantasma del racismo/fascismo; to stand/be head and shoulders above somebody ( be superior) darle* cien vueltas a alguien, estar* muy por encima de alguien; to stand o turn something on its head darle* la vuelta a algo, poner* algo patas arriba (fam), dar* vuelta algo (CS); to turn somebody's head: the sort of good looks that turn heads el tipo de belleza que llama la atención or que hace que la gente se vuelva a mirar; (before n) head injury — lesión f en la cabeza

2) (mind, brain) cabeza f

I said the first thing that came into my head — dije lo primero que se me ocurrió or que me vino a la cabeza

she added it up in her head — hizo la suma mentalmente

he needs his head examined — está or anda mal de la cabeza

he has an old head on young shoulders — es muy maduro para su edad

she has a good head for business/figures — tiene cabeza para los negocios/los números

I've no head for heights — sufro de vértigo

I need to keep a clear head for the interview — tengo que estar despejado para la entrevista

use your head! — usa la cabeza!, piensa un poco!

if we put our heads together, we'll be able to think of something — si lo pensamos juntos, algo se nos ocurrirá

it never entered my head that... — ni se me pasó por la cabeza or jamás pensé que...

to get something into somebody's head — meterle* algo en la cabeza a alguien

to be off one's head — (colloq) estar* chiflado (fam), estar* or andar* mal de la cabeza

to be out of one's head — (sl) ( on drugs) estar* flipado or volado or (Col) volando or (Méx) hasta atrás (arg); ( drunk) estar* como una cuba (fam)

to be soft o weak in the head — estar* mal de la cabeza

to get one's head (a)round something: I can't get my head (a)round this new system no me entra este nuevo sistema; to have one's head screwed on (right o the right way) (colloq) tener* la cabeza bien puesta or sentada; to keep/lose one's head mantener*/perder* la calma; two heads are better than one — cuatro ojos ven más que dos

3)

a) ( of celery) cabeza f; (of nail, tack, pin) cabeza f; (of spear, arrow) punta f; ( of hammer) cabeza f, cotillo m; ( of pimple) punta f, cabeza f; ( on beer) espuma f; ( of river) cabecera f

b) (top end - of bed, table) cabecera f; (- of page, letter) encabezamiento m; (- of procession, line) cabeza f

4)

a) ( chief) director, -tora m,f

head of state/government — jefe, -fa m,f de Estado/de Gobierno

the head of the household — el/la cabeza de familia; (before n)

head buyer — jefe, -fa m,f de compras

head girl/boy — (BrE Educ) alumno elegido para representar al alumnado de un colegio

head waiter — maître m, capitán m de meseros (Méx)

b) ( head teacher) (esp BrE) director, -tora m,f (de colegio)

5)

a) ( person)

$15 per head — 15 dólares por cabeza or persona

b) pl head ( Agr)

700 head of cattle — 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno

6) ( crisis)

to come to a head — hacer* crisis, llegar* a un punto crítico

his arrival brought the conflict to a head — su llegada hizo estallar el conflicto

7)

a) ( magnetic device) (Audio, Comput) cabeza f, cabezal m

b) ( of drill) cabezal m

c) ( cylinder head) culata f

8) ( Geog) cabo m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<march/procession\>\> encabezar*, ir* a la cabeza de; \<\<list\>\> encabezar*

b) \<\<revolt\>\> acaudillar, ser* el cabecilla de; \<\<team\>\> capitanear; \<\<expedition/department\>\> dirigir*, estar* al frente de

2) ( direct) (+ adv compl) \<\<vehicle/ship\>\> dirigir*

which way are you headed? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

3) ( in soccer) \<\<ball\>\> cabecear

4) \<\<page/chapter\>\> encabezar*

2.

vi

the car was heading west — el coche iba en dirección oeste

where are you heading? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

it's time we were heading back — ya va siendo hora de que volvamos or regresemos

Phrasal Verbs:

- head for

- head off

- head up

English-spanish dictionary > head
10 pass

1.
[pɑːs]noun

1) (passing of an examination) bestandene Prüfung

get a pass in maths — die Mathematikprüfung bestehen

‘pass’ — (mark or grade) Ausreichend, das

2) (written permission) Ausweis, der; (for going into or out of a place also) Passierschein, der; (Mil.): (for leave) Urlaubsschein, der; (for free transportation) Freifahrschein, der; (for free admission) Freikarte, die

3) (critical position) Notlage, die

things have come to a pretty pass [when...] — es muss schon weit gekommen sein[, wenn...]

4) (Football) Pass, der (fachspr.); Ballabgabe, die; (Fencing) Ausfall, der

make a pass to a player — [den Ball] zu einem Spieler passen (fachspr.) od. abgeben

5)

make a pass at somebody — (fig. coll.): (amorously) jemanden anmachen (ugs.)

6) (in mountains) Pass, der
2. intransitive verb
1) (move onward) [Prozession:] ziehen; [Wasser:] fließen; [Gas:] strömen; (fig.) [Redner:] übergehen (to zu)

pass further along or down the bus, please! — bitte weiter durchgehen!

2) (go) passieren; [Zug, Reisender:] fahren ( through durch)

pass over — (in plane) überfliegen [Ort]

let somebody pass — jemanden durchlassen od. passieren lassen

3) (be transported, lit. or fig.) kommen

pass into history/oblivion — in die Geschichte eingehen/in Vergessenheit geraten

the title/property passes to somebody — der Titel/Besitz geht auf jemanden über

4) (change) wechseln

pass from one state to another — von einem Zustand in einen anderen übergehen

5) (go by) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen; [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren; [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen; [Zeit, Sekunde:] vergehen; (by chance) [Person, Fahrzeug:] vorbeikommen

let somebody/a car pass — jemanden/ein Auto vorbeilassen (ugs.)

6) (be accepted as adequate) durchgehen; hingehen

let it/the matter pass — es/die Sache durch- od. hingehen lassen

7) (come to an end) vorbeigehen; [Fieber:] zurückgehen; [Ärger, Zorn, Sturm:] sich legen; [Gewitter, Unwetter:] vorüberziehen

8) (happen) passieren; (between persons) vorfallen

9) (be accepted) durchgehen (as als, for für)

10) (satisfy examiner) bestehen

11) (Cards) passen

pass! — [ich] passe!
3. transitive verb
1) (move past) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen an (+ Dat.); [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.); [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen an (+ Dat.)

2) (overtake) vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.) [Fahrzeug, Person]

3) (cross) überschreiten [Schwelle, feindliche Linien, Grenze, Marke]

4) (reach standard in) bestehen [Prüfung]

5) (approve) verabschieden [Gesetzentwurf]; annehmen [Vorschlag]; [Zensor:] freigeben [Film, Buch, Theaterstück]; bestehen lassen [Prüfungskandidaten]

6) (be too great for) überschreiten, übersteigen [Auffassungsgabe, Verständnis]

7) (move) bringen

pass a thread through the eye of a needle — einen Faden durch ein Nadelöhr ziehen od. führen

8) (Footb. etc.) abgeben (to an + Akk.)

9) (spend) verbringen [Leben, Zeit, Tag]

10) (hand)

pass somebody something — jemandem etwas reichen od. geben

would you pass the salt, please? — gibst od. reichst du mir bitte das Salz?

11) (utter) fällen, verkünden [Urteil]; machen [Bemerkung]

12) (discharge) lassen [Wasser]

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/53812/pass_away">pass away

- pass by

- pass down

- pass for

- pass off

- pass on

- pass out

- pass over

- pass through

- pass up

* * *
1. verb
1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) vorbeigehen

2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) weitergeben

3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) übersteigen

4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) überholen

5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) verbringen

6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) annehmen

7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) fällen

8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) vorübergehen

9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) bestehen
2. noun
1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) der Paß

2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) der Paß

3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) das Bestehen

4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) der Paß

•

- passable
- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up
* * *

pass

[pɑ:s, AM pæs]

I. NOUN

<pl -es>

1. (road) Pass m

the Khyber \pass der Khaiberpass

mountain \pass [Gebirgs]pass m

2. SPORT (of a ball) Pass m (to auf + akk), Vorlage f (für ein Tor)

3. (sweep: by magician, conjuror) [Hand]bewegung f

the magician made some \passes with his hands over her body der Zauberer fuhr mit der Hand mehrmals über ihren Körper

4. plane

to make a \pass over sth über etw akk fliegen

the aircraft flew low in a \pass over the ski resort das Flugzeug flog sehr tief über das Skigebiet hinweg

5. ( fam: sexual advance) Annäherungsversuch m

to make a \pass at sb sich akk an jdn ranmachen, ÖSTERR bes mit jdm anbandeln fam

6. BRIT SCH, UNIV (exam success) Bestehen nt einer Prüfung; AM (grade) „Bestanden“

students just get a \pass or fail in these courses in diesen Kursen können die Studenten nur entweder bestehen oder durchfallen

to achieve grade A \passes nur Einser bekommen

to get/obtain a \pass in an exam eine Prüfung bestehen

7. (permit) Passierschein m; (for a festival) Eintritt m, Eintrittskarte f; (for public transport) [Wochen-/Monats-/Jahres-]karte f

only people with a \pass are allowed to enter the nuclear power station nur Personen mit einem entsprechenden Ausweis dürfen das Kernkraftwerk betreten

free \pass Freikarte f

disabled people have a free \pass for the public transport system Behinderte können die öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel kostenlos benutzen

8. esp AM SCH (letter of excuse) Entschuldigung f (für das Fernbleiben vom Unterricht)

9. no pl (predicament) Notlage f, kritische Lage

this is a \pass — we can't get back into the hotel da haben wir uns ja was Schönes eingebrockt — wir können nicht ins Hotel zurück fam

it has come to a pretty \pass when... es ist schon weit gekommen, wenn...

to reach a \pass außer Kontrolle geraten, ausufern

10. (in fencing) Ausfall m fachspr

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (go past)

▪ to \pass sb/sth an jdm/etw vorbeigehen; (in car) an jdm/etw vorbeifahren

if you \pass a supermarket, can you get me some milk? würdest du mir Milch mitbringen, wenn du bei einem Supermarkt vorbeikommst?

2. (overtake)

▪ to \pass sb/sth jdn/etw überholen

3. (cross)

to \pass a frontier eine Grenze überqueren

not a word \passed his lips kein Wort kam über seine Lippen

4. (exceed)

▪ to \pass sth:

it \passes all belief that... es ist doch wirklich nicht zu fassen, dass...

don't buy goods which have \passed their sell-by date kauf keine Waren, deren Verfallsdatum bereits abgelaufen ist

to \pass a limit eine Grenze überschreiten

to \pass the time limit das Zeitlimit überschreiten

I'm sorry, you've \passed the time limit es tut mir leid, aber Sie haben überzogen

5. (hand to)

▪ to \pass sth to sb [or sb sth] jdm etw geben, jdm etw [herüber]reichen bes geh; (bequeath to) jdm etw vererben

could you \pass the salt please? könntest du mir bitte mal das Salz geben?

to \pass the hat [around] ( fig) den Hut herumgehen lassen fig

▪ to be \passed to sb auf jdn [o in jds Besitz] übergehen

the responsibility was gradually \passed to the British government die Verantwortung wurde nach und nach der britischen Regierung übertragen

6. (put into circulation)

to \pass money Geld in Umlauf bringen

she was caught trying to \pass forged five pound notes sie wurde dabei erwischt, als sie versuchte, mit gefälschten Fünfpfundnoten zu bezahlen

he once \passed me a forged fiver er hat mir einmal einen gefälschten Fünfer angedreht fam

7. SPORT

to \pass the ball den Ball abgeben [o abspielen]

to \pass the ball to sb jdm den Ball zuspielen

to \pass the baton to sb SPORT den Stab an jdn abgeben

the baton was \passed smoothly der Stab wurde sauber übergeben

8. (succeed)

to \pass an exam/a test eine Prüfung/eine Arbeit bestehen

to \pass muster akzeptabel sein

9. (of time)

to \pass one's days/holiday [or AM vacation] /time doing sth seine Tage/Ferien/Zeit mit etw dat verbringen

to \pass the time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben

to \pass the time of day with sb jdn [nur] kurz grüßen

I just wanted to \pass the time of day with her, but... ich wollte wirklich nur kurz guten Tag sagen und ein wenig mit ihr plaudern, doch...

10. usu passive esp POL (approve)

▪ to be \passed law verabschiedet werden

to \pass a motion einen Antrag genehmigen

“motion \passed by a clear majority” „Antrag mit deutlicher Mehrheit angenommen“

to \pass a resolution eine Resolution verabschieden

the resolution was \passed unanimously die Resolution wurde einstimmig angenommen

to \pass sb/sth as fit [or suitable] jdn/etw [als] geeignet erklären

meat \passed as fit for human consumption Fleisch, das für den Verzehr freigegeben wurde

he was \passed fit for military service er wurde für wehrdiensttauglich erklärt

the censors \passed the film as suitable for children die Zensurstelle gab den Film für Kinder frei

11. (utter)

to \pass a comment einen Kommentar abgeben

to \pass a comment on sb eine Bemerkung über jdn machen

to \pass judgement on sb/sth ein Urteil über jdn/etw fällen, über jdn/etw ein Urteil abgeben

to \pass one's opinion seine Meinung sagen

to \pass a remark eine Bemerkung machen

she's been \passing remarks about me behind my back sie ist hinter meinem Rücken über mich hergezogen

to \pass sentence [on sb] LAW das Urteil [über jdn] fällen

12. MED ( form: excrete)

to \pass blood Blut im Stuhl/Urin haben

to \pass faeces Kot ausscheiden

to \pass urine urinieren

to \pass water Wasser lassen

13. FIN

to \pass a dividend eine Dividende ausfallen lassen

14.

▶ to \pass the buck to sb/sth ( fam) die Verantwortung auf jdn/etw abwälzen fam, jdm/etw den Schwarzen Peter zuschieben fam

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. (move by) vorbeigehen, vorbeilaufen, vorbeikommen; road vorbeiführen; parade vorbeiziehen, vorüberziehen; car vorbeifahren

we often \passed on the stairs wir sind uns oft im Treppenhaus begegnet

the Queen \passed among the crowd die Königin mischte sich unter die Menge

the planes \passed noisily overhead die Flugzeuge donnerten vorbei fam

the bullet \passed between her shoulder blades die Kugel ging genau zwischen ihren Schulterblättern durch

if you \pass by a chemist... wenn du an einer Apotheke vorbeikommst...

a momentary look of anxiety \passed across his face ( fig) für einen kurzen Moment überschattete ein Ausdruck der Besorgnis seine Miene

to \pass out of sight außer Sichtweite geraten

to \pass unnoticed unbemerkt bleiben

▪ to \pass over sth plane über etw akk hinwegfliegen

▪ to \pass under sth unter etw dat hindurchgehen; (by car) unter etw dat hindurchfahren; road unter etw dat hindurchführen

2. (overtake) überholen

3. (enter) eintreten, hereinkommen

may I \pass? kann ich hereinkommen?

that helps prevent fats \passing into the bloodstream das verhindert, dass Fette in die Blutbahn gelangen

to allow sb to [or let sb] \pass jdn durchlassen

they shall not \pass! sie werden nicht durchkommen! (Kampfruf der Antifaschisten)

4. (go away) vergehen, vorübergehen, vorbeigehen

it'll soon \pass das ist bald vorüber

I felt a bit nauseous, but the feeling \passed mir war ein bisschen schlecht, aber das ging auch wieder vorbei

for a moment she thought she'd die but the moment \passed für einen kurzen Moment lang dachte sie, sie würde sterben

I let a golden opportunity \pass ich habe mir eine einmalige Gelegenheit entgehen lassen

5. (change)

▪ to \pass from sth to sth von etw dat zu etw dat übergehen

wax \passes from solid to liquid when you heat it beim Erhitzen wird festes Wachs flüssig

the water \passes from a liquid state to a solid state when frozen Wasser wird fest, wenn es gefriert

6. (transfer)

all these English words have \passed into the German language all diese englischen Wörter sind in die deutsche Sprache eingegangen

to \pass into oblivion in Vergessenheit geraten

7. (exchange)

no words have \passed between us since our divorce seit unserer Scheidung haben wir kein einziges Wort miteinander gewechselt

the looks \passing between them suggested that... die Blicke, die sie miteinander wechselten, ließen darauf schließen, dass...

greetings were \passed between them sie begrüßten sich

8. SPORT (of a ball) zuspielen, [den Ball] abgeben [o abspielen

9. SCH (succeed) bestehen, durchkommen

he \passed at the fifth attempt er bestand die Prüfung im fünften Anlauf

10. (go by) time vergehen, verstreichen

the evening \passed without incident der Abend verlief ohne Zwischenfälle

11. (not answer) passen [müssen]

\pass — I don't know the answer ich passe — ich weiß es nicht

the contestant \passed on four questions der Wettbewerbsteilnehmer musste bei vier Fragen passen

12. (forgo)

▪ to \pass on sth auf etw akk verzichten

13. (be accepted as)

I don't think you'll \pass as 18 keiner wird dir abnehmen, dass du 18 bist

do you think this jacket and trousers could \pass as a suit? meinst du, ich kann diese Jacke und die Hose als Anzug anziehen?

he could \pass as a German in our new film für unseren neuen Film könnte er als Deutscher durchgehen

14. CARDS passen

15. ( old)

and it come to \pass that... und da begab es sich, dass...

* * *
[pAːs]
1. n

1) (= permit) Ausweis m; (MIL ETC) Passierschein m

a free pass — eine Freikarte; (permanent) ein Sonderausweis m

2) (Brit UNIV) Bestehen nt einer Prüfung

to get a pass in German — seine Deutschprüfung bestehen; (lowest level) seine Deutschprüfung mit "ausreichend" bestehen

I still need a pass in physics — ich muss noch einen Abschluss in Physik machen

3) (GEOG, SPORT) Pass m; (FTBL, for shot at goal) Vorlage f

4) (FENCING) Ausfall m

5) (= movement by conjurer, hypnotist) Bewegung f, Geste f

the conjurer made a few quick passes with his hand over the top of the hat — der Zauberer fuhr mit der Hand ein paar Mal schnell über dem Hut hin und her

the text had a special hyphenation pass — der Text wurde eigens in Bezug auf Silbentrennung überprüft

6)

things had come to such a pass that... — die Lage hatte sich so zugespitzt, dass...

things have come to a pretty pass when... — so weit ist es schon gekommen, dass...

this is a pretty pass! — das ist ja eine schöne Bescherung!

7)

to make a pass at sb — bei jdm Annäherungsversuche machen

8) (AVIAT)

the jet made three passes over the ship — der Düsenjäger flog dreimal über das Schiff

on its fourth pass over the area the plane was almost hit —

the pilot made two passes over the landing strip before deciding to come down — der Pilot passierte die Landebahn zweimal, ehe er sich zur Landung entschloss

2. vt

1) (= move past) vorbeigehen/-fahren/-fliegen an (+dat)

he passed me without even saying hello — er ging ohne zu grüßen an mir vorbei

the ship passed the mouth of the estuary — das Schiff passierte die Flussmündung

2) (= overtake) athlete, car überholen

he's passed all the other candidates — er hat alle anderen Kandidaten überflügelt

3) (= cross) frontier etc überschreiten, überqueren, passieren; deadline überschreiten

not a word passed her lips — kein Wort kam über ihre Lippen

4) (= reach, hand) reichen

they passed the photograph around — sie reichten or gaben das Foto herum

pass (me) the salt, please —

he passed the hammer up — er reichte den Hammer hinauf

the characteristics which he passed to his son — die Eigenschaften, die er an seinen Sohn weitergab

5)

it passes belief — es ist kaum zu fassen

it passes my comprehension that... —

love which passes all understanding — Liebe, die jenseits allen Verstehens liegt

6) (UNIV ETC) exam bestehen; candidate bestehen lassen

7)

this film will never pass the censors — dieser Film kommt nie und nimmer durch die Zensur

8) (= approve) motion annehmen; plan gutheißen, genehmigen; (PARL) verabschieden

the censors will never pass this film — die Zensur gibt diesen Film bestimmt nicht frei

9) (SPORT)

to pass the ball to sb — jdm den Ball zuspielen

you should learn to pass the ball and not hang on to it — du solltest lernen abzuspielen, statt am Ball zu kleben

10) forged bank notes weitergeben

11)

he passed his hand across his forehead — er fuhr sich (dat) mit der Hand über die Stirn

pass the thread through the hole — führen Sie den Faden durch die Öffnung

he passed a chain around the front axle — er legte eine Kette um die Vorderachse

12) (= spend) time verbringen

he did it just to pass the time — er tat das nur, um sich (dat) die Zeit zu vertreiben

13) remark von sich geben; opinion abgeben; (JUR) sentence verhängen; judgement fällen

to pass comment (on sth) — einen Kommentar (zu etw) abgeben

14) (= discharge) excrement, blood absondern, ausscheiden

to pass water — Wasser or Harn lassen

3. vi

1) (= move past) vorbeigehen/-fahren

the street was too narrow for the cars to pass — die Straße war so eng, dass die Wagen nicht aneinander vorbeikamen

we passed in the corridor —

there isn't room for him to pass — es ist so eng, dass er nicht vorbeikommt

2) (= overtake) überholen

3)

(= move, go) no letters passed between them — sie wechselten keine Briefe

words passed between them — es gab einige Meinungsverschiedenheiten

what has passed between us — was sich zwischen uns zugetragen hat

a knowing look passed between them — sie tauschten wissende Blicke aus

if you pass by the grocer's... —

we passed by a line of hotels — wir kamen an einer Reihe Hotels vorbei

the procession passed down the street —

the cars pass down the assembly line — die Autos kommen das Fließband herunter

as we pass from feudalism to more open societies — beim Übergang vom Feudalismus zu offeneren Gesellschaftsformen

as we pass from youth to old age — mit zunehmendem Alter

the virus passes easily from one person to another —

people were passing in and out of the building — die Leute gingen in dem Gebäude ein und aus

the land has now passed into private hands — das Land ist jetzt in Privatbesitz übergegangen

to pass into oblivion — in Vergessenheit geraten

expressions which have passed into/out of the language — Redensarten, die in die Sprache eingegangen sind/aus der Sprache verschwunden sind

to pass into history/legend — in die Geschichte/Legende eingehen

to pass out of sight —

the firm has passed out of existence — die Firma hat aufgehört zu bestehen

he passed out of our lives — er ist aus unserem Leben verschwunden

everything he said just passed over my head — was er sagte, war mir alles zu hoch

we're now passing over Paris — wir fliegen jetzt über Paris

I'll just pass quickly over the main points again —

he's passing through a difficult period — er macht gerade eine schwere Zeit durch

the manuscript has passed through a lot of hands — das Manuskript ist durch viele Hände gegangen

the thread passes through this hole — der Faden geht durch diese Öffnung

you have to pass through Berlin — Sie müssen über Berlin fahren

shall we pass to the second subject on the agenda? — wollen wir zum zweiten Punkt der Tagesordnung übergehen?

the crown always passes to the eldest son —

the area then passed under Roman rule — das Gebiet geriet dann unter römische Herrschaft

he passed under the archway — er ging/fuhr durch das Tor

4) (time) vergehen; (deadline) verfallen

5) (= disappear, end anger, hope, era etc) vorübergehen, vorbeigehen; (storm) (= go over) vorüberziehen; (= abate) sich legen; (rain) vorbeigehen

to let an opportunity pass — eine Gelegenheit verstreichen lassen

it'll pass — das geht vorüber!

6) (= be acceptable) gehen

to let sth pass — etw durchgehen lassen

let it pass! — vergiss es!, vergessen wirs!

it'll pass — das geht

7) (= be considered, be accepted) angesehen werden (for or as sth als etw)

this little room has to pass for an office —

in her day she passed for a great beauty — zu ihrer Zeit galt sie als große Schönheit

she could easily pass for 25 — sie könnte leicht für 25 durchgehen

or what passes nowadays for a hat — oder was heute so als Hut betrachtet wird

8) (in exam) bestehen

I passed! — ich habe bestanden!

did you pass in chemistry? — hast du deine Chemieprüfung bestanden?

9) (SPORT) abspielen

to pass to sb — jdm zuspielen, an jdn abgeben

10) (CARDS) passen

(I) pass! — (ich) passe!

pass (in quiz etc) — passe!

I'll pass on that — da passe ich

11) (old

= happen) to come to pass — sich begeben

and it came to pass in those days... — und es begab sich zu jener Zeit...

to bring sth to pass — etw bewirken

12) (US euph = die) sterben

* * *

pass [pɑːs; US pæs]

A v/t

1. a) etwas passieren, vorbei-, vorübergehen, -fahren, -fließen, -kommen, -reiten, -ziehen an (dat)

b) Tennis: jemanden passieren

2. vorbeifahren an (dat), überholen ( auch AUTO):

we passed his car

3. fig übergehen, -springen, keine Notiz nehmen von

4. WIRTSCH eine Dividende ausfallen lassen

5. eine Schranke, ein Hindernis passieren

6. durch-, überschreiten, durchqueren, -reiten, -reisen, -ziehen, passieren:

pass a river einen Fluss überqueren

7. durchschneiden (Linie)

8. a) ein Examen bestehen

b) einen Prüfling bestehen oder durchkommen lassen:

pass sb (as) fit ( oder ready) for work MED jemanden gesundschreiben

c) etwas durchgehen lassen

9. fig hinausgehen über (akk), übersteigen, -schreiten, -treffen:

it passes my comprehension ( oder understanding) es geht über meinen Verstand oder Horizont;

just passing seventeen gerade erst siebzehn Jahre alt

10. (durch etwas) hindurchleiten, -führen (beide, auch TECH), auch die Hand gleiten lassen:

pass a wire through a hole;

he passed his hand over his forehead er fuhr sich mit der Hand über die Stirn

11. (durch ein Sieb) passieren, durchseihen

12. vorbei-, durchlassen, passieren lassen

13. Zeit ver-, zubringen:

pass the time reading sich die Zeit mit Lesen vertreiben; → time A 4

14. einen Gegenstand reichen, geben, ( auch JUR Falschgeld) weitergeben:

pass me the salt, please reichen Sie mir bitte das Salz; → buck¹ A 8, hat Bes Redew

15. übersenden, auch einen Funkspruch befördern

16. SPORT den Ball abspielen, passen ( beide:

to zu):

pass the ball auch abspielen

17. JUR Eigentum, einen Rechtstitel übertragen, (letztwillig) zukommen lassen

18. einen Vorschlag durchbringen, -setzen, ein Gesetz verabschieden, eine Resolution annehmen

19. abgeben, übertragen:

pass the chair den Vorsitz abgeben ( to sb an jemanden)

20. rechtskräftig machen

21. (als gültig) anerkennen, gelten lassen, genehmigen

22. (on, upon) eine Meinung äußern (über akk), eine Bemerkung fallen lassen oder machen, einen Kommentar geben (zu), ein Kompliment machen:

pass criticism on Kritik üben an (dat);

pass an opinion on auch sich äußern über (akk) oder zu

23. ein Urteil abgeben, fällen, JUR auch sprechen ( alle:

on, upon über akk)

24. MED

a) Eiter, Nierensteine etc ausscheiden

b) den Darm entleeren

c) Wasser lassen

25. ein Türschloss öffnen

B v/i

1. sich (fort)bewegen, (von einem Ort zu einem andern) gehen, reiten, fahren, ziehen etc

2. vorbei-, vorübergehen, -fahren, -ziehen etc (by an dat), AUTO überholen:

let sb pass jemanden vorbei- oder durchlassen

3. fahren etc ( through durch):

it has just passed through my mind fig es ist mir eben durch den Kopf gegangen

4. übergehen (to auf akk; into the hands of in die Hände gen), übertragen werden (to auf akk), fallen (to an akk):

it passes to the heirs es geht auf die Erben über, es fällt an die Erben

5. durchkommen, (die Prüfung) bestehen

6. übergehen:

pass from a solid (in)to a liquid state vom festen in den flüssigen Zustand übergehen

7. vergehen, vorübergehen (Zeit etc, auch Schmerz etc), verstreichen (Zeit):

the pain will pass der Schmerz wird vergehen;

fashions pass Moden kommen und gehen

8. euph entschlafen

9. sich zutragen, sich abspielen, vor sich gehen, passieren:

it came to pass that … besonders BIBEL es begab sich oder es geschah, dass …;

bring sth to pass etwas bewirken

10. harsh words passed between them es fielen harte Worte zwischen ihnen oder bei ihrer Auseinandersetzung

11. (for, as) gelten (für, als), gehalten werden (für), angesehen werden (für):

he passes for a much younger man er wird für viel jünger gehalten;

this passes for gold das soll angeblich Gold sein

12. a) an-, hingehen, leidlich sein

b) durchgehen, unbeanstandet bleiben, geduldet werden:

let sth pass etwas durchgehen oder gelten lassen;

let that pass reden wir nicht mehr davon

13. PARL etc durchgehen, bewilligt oder zum Gesetz erhoben werden, Rechtskraft erlangen

14. angenommen werden, gelten, (als gültig) anerkannt werden

15. gangbar sein, Geltung finden (Grundsätze, Ideen)

16. JUR gefällt werden, ergehen (Urteil, Entscheidung)

17. MED abgehen, abgeführt oder ausgeschieden werden

18. SPORT (den Ball) abspielen oder passen (to zu):

pass back to the goalkeeper (Fußball) zum Torhüter zurückspielen

19. Kartenspiel: passen:

(I) pass! a. fig ich passe!;

I pass on that! fig da muss ich passen!

C s

1. a) (Gebirgs)Pass m:

(narrow) pass Engpass;

hold the pass fig obs sich behaupten;

sell the pass fig obs abtrünnig werden

b) Durchfahrt f

c) schiffbarer Kanal

2. a) Ausweis m, Passier-, Erlaubnisschein m

b) besonders free pass Freikarte f, BAHN etc Freifahrkarte f, -schein m

3. MIL Urlaubsschein m

4. besonders Br Bestehen n (einer Prüfung):

get a pass in physics seine Physikprüfung bestehen

5. fig

a) Schritt m, Abschnitt m

b) umg (schlimme) Lage:

things have come to a fine ( oder pretty, sorry) pass es ist ganz schön weit gekommen

6. make a pass over fig etwas überfliegen

7. a) Handbewegung f (eines Zauberkünstlers)

b) manueller (Zauber)Trick

8. Bestreichung f, Strich m (beim Hypnotisieren etc)

9. Maltechnik: Strich m

10. SPORT Pass m, Ab-, Zuspiel n:

from a pass by auf Pass von

11. Kartenspiel: Passen n

12. Fechten: Ausfall m

13. make a pass at umg Annäherungsversuche machen bei

14. TECH Durchlauf m (abgeschlossener Arbeitszyklus)

* * *
1.
[pɑːs]noun

1) (passing of an examination) bestandene Prüfung

get a pass in maths — die Mathematikprüfung bestehen

‘pass’ — (mark or grade) Ausreichend, das

2) (written permission) Ausweis, der; (for going into or out of a place also) Passierschein, der; (Mil.): (for leave) Urlaubsschein, der; (for free transportation) Freifahrschein, der; (for free admission) Freikarte, die

3) (critical position) Notlage, die

things have come to a pretty pass [when...] — es muss schon weit gekommen sein[, wenn...]

4) (Football) Pass, der (fachspr.); Ballabgabe, die; (Fencing) Ausfall, der

make a pass to a player — [den Ball] zu einem Spieler passen (fachspr.) od. abgeben

5)

make a pass at somebody — (fig. coll.): (amorously) jemanden anmachen (ugs.)

6) (in mountains) Pass, der
2. intransitive verb
1) (move onward) [Prozession:] ziehen; [Wasser:] fließen; [Gas:] strömen; (fig.) [Redner:] übergehen (to zu)

pass further along or down the bus, please! — bitte weiter durchgehen!

2) (go) passieren; [Zug, Reisender:] fahren ( through durch)

pass over — (in plane) überfliegen [Ort]

let somebody pass — jemanden durchlassen od. passieren lassen

3) (be transported, lit. or fig.) kommen

pass into history/oblivion — in die Geschichte eingehen/in Vergessenheit geraten

the title/property passes to somebody — der Titel/Besitz geht auf jemanden über

4) (change) wechseln

pass from one state to another — von einem Zustand in einen anderen übergehen

5) (go by) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen; [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren; [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen; [Zeit, Sekunde:] vergehen; (by chance) [Person, Fahrzeug:] vorbeikommen

let somebody/a car pass — jemanden/ein Auto vorbeilassen (ugs.)

6) (be accepted as adequate) durchgehen; hingehen

let it/the matter pass — es/die Sache durch- od. hingehen lassen

7) (come to an end) vorbeigehen; [Fieber:] zurückgehen; [Ärger, Zorn, Sturm:] sich legen; [Gewitter, Unwetter:] vorüberziehen

8) (happen) passieren; (between persons) vorfallen

9) (be accepted) durchgehen (as als, for für)

10) (satisfy examiner) bestehen

11) (Cards) passen

pass! — [ich] passe!
3. transitive verb
1) (move past) [Fußgänger:] vorbeigehen an (+ Dat.); [Fahrer, Fahrzeug:] vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.); [Prozession:] vorbeiziehen an (+ Dat.)

2) (overtake) vorbeifahren an (+ Dat.) [Fahrzeug, Person]

3) (cross) überschreiten [Schwelle, feindliche Linien, Grenze, Marke]

4) (reach standard in) bestehen [Prüfung]

5) (approve) verabschieden [Gesetzentwurf]; annehmen [Vorschlag]; [Zensor:] freigeben [Film, Buch, Theaterstück]; bestehen lassen [Prüfungskandidaten]

6) (be too great for) überschreiten, übersteigen [Auffassungsgabe, Verständnis]

7) (move) bringen

pass a thread through the eye of a needle — einen Faden durch ein Nadelöhr ziehen od. führen

8) (Footb. etc.) abgeben (to an + Akk.)

9) (spend) verbringen [Leben, Zeit, Tag]

10) (hand)

pass somebody something — jemandem etwas reichen od. geben

would you pass the salt, please? — gibst od. reichst du mir bitte das Salz?

11) (utter) fällen, verkünden [Urteil]; machen [Bemerkung]

12) (discharge) lassen [Wasser]

Phrasal Verbs:

- pass away

- pass by

- pass down

- pass for

- pass off

- pass on

- pass out

- pass over

- pass through

- pass up

* * *

n.

(§ pl.: passes)

= Arbeitsgang m.

Ausweis -e m.

Durchgang m.

Durchlauf m.

Pass ¨-e m. (US) v.

überholen v. (by) (time) v.

verfließen (Zeit) v. (by) v.

vorbeigehen (an) v. v.

ablaufen v.

absolvieren (Prüfung) v.

passieren v.

English-german dictionary > pass
11 get

get [get]

recevoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (d), 1A (g), 1A (i), 1B (b) avoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b) toucher ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (b) trouver ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) obtenir ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) tenir ⇒ 1A (c) offrir ⇒ 1A (e) acheter ⇒ 1A (f) prendre ⇒ 1A (f), 1A (k), 1A (l) gagner ⇒ 1A (i) chercher ⇒ 1A (j) attraper ⇒ 1A (k), 1A (l), 1B (a) réserver ⇒ 1A (m) répondre ⇒ 1A (n) faire faire ⇒ 1C (b)-(d) préparer ⇒ 1D (a) entendre ⇒ 1D (b) comprendre ⇒ 1D (d) atteindre ⇒ 1E (a) devenir ⇒ 2A (a) se faire ⇒ 2A (b) commencer à ⇒ 2A (c), 2B (c) aller ⇒ 2B (a) réussir à ⇒ 2B (e)

( British pt & pp got [gɒt], cont getting [getɪŋ], American pt got [gɒt], pp gotten [gɒtən], cont getting [getɪŋ])

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (receive → gift, letter, phone call) recevoir, avoir; (→ benefits, pension) recevoir, toucher; (→ medical treatment) suivre;

∎ I got a bike for my birthday on m'a donné ou j'ai eu ou j'ai reçu un vélo pour mon anniversaire;

∎ I get 'The Times' at home je reçois le 'Times' à la maison;

∎ this part of the country doesn't get much rain cette région ne reçoit pas beaucoup de pluie, il ne pleut pas beaucoup dans cette région;

∎ the living room gets a lot of sun le salon est très ensoleillé;

∎ I rang but I got no answer (at door) j'ai sonné mais je n'ai pas obtenu ou eu de réponse; (on phone) j'ai appelé sans obtenir de réponse;

∎ many students get grants beaucoup d'étudiants ont une bourse;

∎ he got five years for smuggling il a écopé de ou il a pris cinq ans (de prison) pour contrebande;

∎ he got a bullet in his shoulder il a reçu une balle dans l'épaule;

∎ familiar you're really going to get it! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ou écoper!;

∎ familiar I'll see that you get yours! je vais te régler ton compte!

(b) (obtain → gen) avoir, trouver, obtenir; (→ through effort) se procurer, obtenir; (→ licence, loan, permission) obtenir; (→ diploma, grades) avoir, obtenir;

∎ where did you get that book? où avez-vous trouvé ce livre?;

∎ they got him a job ils lui ont trouvé du travail;

∎ I got the job! ils m'ont embauché!;

∎ can you get them the report? pouvez-vous leur procurer le rapport?;

∎ I got the idea from a book j'ai trouvé l'idée dans un livre;

∎ I got a glimpse of her face j'ai pu apercevoir son visage;

∎ you get a fine view from here il y a une vue magnifique d'ici;

∎ I've got six more to get (in collection) il m'en manque six;

∎ the town gets its water from the reservoir la ville reçoit son eau du réservoir;

∎ we get our wine directly from the vineyard en vin ou pour le vin, nous nous fournissons directement chez le producteur;

∎ they stopped in town to get some lunch (had lunch there) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour déjeuner; (bought something to eat) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour acheter de quoi déjeuner;

∎ I'm going out to get a breath of fresh air je sors prendre l'air;

∎ I'm going to get something to drink/eat (fetch) je vais chercher quelque chose à boire/manger; (consume) je vais boire/manger quelque chose;

∎ can I get a coffee? je pourrais avoir un café, s'il vous plaît?;

∎ get yourself a good lawyer trouvez-vous un bon avocat;

∎ get advice from your doctor demandez conseil à votre médecin;

∎ I need all the advice I can get j'ai besoin de tous les conseils qu'on peut me donner;

∎ to get (oneself) a wife/husband se trouver une femme/un mari;

∎ to get sb to oneself avoir qn pour soi tout seul;

∎ to get a divorce obtenir le divorce;

∎ get plenty of exercise faites beaucoup d'exercice;

∎ get plenty of sleep dormez beaucoup;

∎ try and get a few days off work essayez de prendre quelques jours de congé;

∎ I'll do it if I get the time/a moment je le ferai si j'ai le temps/si je trouve un moment;

∎ I got a lot from or out of my trip to China mon voyage en Chine m'a beaucoup apporté;

∎ she got very little from her lessons elle a très peu appris de ses leçons;

∎ he didn't get a chance to introduce himself il n'a pas eu l'occasion de se présenter

(c) (inherit → characteristic) tenir;

∎ she gets her shyness from her father elle tient sa timidité de son père

(d) (obtain in exchange) recevoir;

∎ they got a lot of money for their flat la vente de leur appartement leur a rapporté beaucoup d'argent;

∎ they got a good price for the painting le tableau s'est vendu à un bon prix;

∎ what did you get for your car? combien est-ce que tu as vendu ta voiture?;

∎ he got nothing for his trouble il s'est donné de la peine pour rien;

∎ you don't get something for nothing on n'a rien pour rien

(e) (offer as gift) offrir, donner;

∎ what did she get him for Christmas? qu'est-ce qu'elle lui a offert ou donné pour Noël?;

∎ I don't know what to get Jill for her birthday je ne sais pas quoi acheter à Jill pour son anniversaire

(f) (buy) acheter, prendre;

∎ get your father a magazine when you go out achète une revue à ton père quand tu sortiras;

∎ get the paper too prends ou achète le journal aussi;

∎ we got the house cheap on a eu la maison (à) bon marché

(g) (learn → information, news) recevoir, apprendre;

∎ we turned on the radio to get the news nous avons allumé la radio pour écouter les informations;

∎ she just got news or word of the accident elle vient juste d'apprendre la nouvelle de l'accident;

∎ he broke down when he got the news en apprenant la nouvelle il a fondu en larmes

(h) (reach by calculation or experimentation → answer, solution) trouver; (→ result) obtenir;

∎ multiply 5 by 2 and you get 10 multipliez 5 par 2 et vous obtenez 10

(i) (earn, win → salary) recevoir, gagner, toucher; (→ prize) gagner; (→ reputation) se faire;

∎ plumbers get £20 an hour un plombier gagne ou touche 20 livres de l'heure;

∎ he got a good name or a reputation as an architect il s'est fait une réputation dans le milieu de l'architecture;

∎ someone's trying to get your attention (calling) quelqu'un vous appelle; (waving) quelqu'un vous fait signe

(j) (bring, fetch) (aller) chercher;

∎ he went and got a book from the library il est allé chercher un livre à la bibliothèque;

∎ go and get a doctor allez chercher un médecin;

∎ get me my coat va me chercher ou apporte-moi mon manteau;

∎ we had to get a doctor nous avons dû faire venir un médecin;

∎ he went to get a taxi il est parti chercher un taxi;

∎ what can I get you to drink? qu'est-ce que je vous sers à boire?;

∎ can I get you anything? (to somebody ill etc) est-ce que vous avez besoin de quelque chose?;

∎ they sent him to get help ils l'ont envoyé chercher de l'aide

(k) (catch → ball) attraper; (→ bus, train) prendre, attraper;

∎ did you get your train? est-ce que tu as eu ton train?

(l) (capture) attraper, prendre; (seize) prendre, saisir;

∎ the Mounties always get their man la police montée attrape toujours son homme (au Canada);

∎ he got me by the arm il m'a attrapé par le bras;

∎ the dog got him by the leg le chien l'a attrapé à la jambe;

∎ (I've) got you! je te tiens!

(m) (book, reserve) réserver, retenir;

∎ we're trying to get a flight to Budapest nous essayons de réserver un vol pour Budapest

(n) (answer → door, telephone) répondre;

∎ the doorbell's ringing - I'll get it! quelqu'un sonne à la porte - j'y vais!;

∎ will you get the phone? peux-tu répondre au téléphone?

B.

(a) (become ill with) attraper;

∎ he got a chill il a pris ou attrapé froid;

∎ I get a headache when I drink red wine le vin rouge me donne mal à la tête;

∎ familiar to get it bad for sb avoir qn dans la peau

(b) (experience, feel → shock) recevoir, ressentir, avoir; (→ fun, pain, surprise) avoir;

∎ I got the feeling something horrible would happen j'ai eu l'impression ou le pressentiment que quelque chose d'horrible allait arriver;

∎ I get the impression he doesn't like me j'ai l'impression que je ne lui plais pas;

∎ to get a thrill out of sth/doing sth prendre plaisir à qch/faire qch;

∎ familiar to get religion devenir croyant^□

(c) (encounter)

∎ you get some odd people on these tours il y a de drôles de gens dans ces voyages organisés;

∎ you get a lot of people marrying young here il y a beaucoup de gens qui se marient jeunes par ici;

∎ we don't get many accidents here nous n'avons pas beaucoup d'accidents par ici

C.

(a) (with adj or past participle) (cause to be) she managed to get the window closed/open elle a réussi à fermer/ouvrir la fenêtre;

∎ I got the car started j'ai démarré la voiture;

∎ don't get your feet wet! ne te mouille pas les pieds!;

∎ get the suitcases ready préparez les bagages;

∎ the children are getting themselves ready for school les enfants se préparent pour (aller à) l'école;

∎ I finally got her on her own or alone j'ai fini par réussir à la voir en tête à tête;

∎ we managed to get him in a good mood nous avons réussi à le mettre de bonne humeur;

∎ they've got me so I don't know whether I'm coming or going c'en est à un tel point que je ne sais plus où j'en suis;

∎ to get people interested (in sth) intéresser les gens (à qch);

∎ let me get this clear que ce soit bien clair;

∎ to get things under control prendre les choses en main;

∎ he likes his bath as hot as he can get it il aime que son bain soit aussi chaud que possible;

∎ the flat is as clean as I'm going to get it j'ai nettoyé l'appartement le mieux que j'ai pu;

∎ he got himself nominated president il s'est fait nommer président;

∎ don't get yourself all worked up ne t'en fais pas

(b) (with infinitive) (cause to do or carry out) we couldn't get her to leave on n'a pas pu la faire partir;

∎ get him to move the car demande-lui de déplacer la voiture;

∎ I got it to work, I got it working j'ai réussi à le faire marcher;

∎ we have to get the government to tighten up on pollution control il faut que l'on obtienne du gouvernement qu'il renforce les lois contre la pollution;

∎ he got the other members to agree il a réussi à obtenir l'accord des autres membres;

∎ I can always get someone else to do it je peux toujours le faire faire par quelqu'un d'autre;

∎ I got her to talk about life in China je lui ai demandé de parler de la vie en Chine;

∎ they can't get the landlord to fix the roof ils n'arrivent pas à obtenir du propriétaire qu'il fasse réparer le toit;

∎ how do you get jasmine to grow indoors? comment peut-on faire pousser du jasmin à l'intérieur?

(c) (with past participle) (cause to be done or carried out) to get sth done/repaired faire faire/réparer qch;

∎ to get one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux;

∎ I didn't get anything done today je n'ai rien fait aujourd'hui;

∎ it's impossible to get anything done around here (by oneself) il est impossible de faire quoi que ce soit ici; (by someone else) il est impossible d'obtenir quoi que ce soit ici

(d) (cause to come, go, move)

∎ how are you going to get this package to them? comment allez-vous leur faire parvenir ce paquet?;

∎ they eventually got all the boxes downstairs/upstairs ils ont fini par descendre/monter toutes leurs boîtes;

∎ I managed to get the old man downstairs/upstairs j'ai réussi à faire descendre/monter le vieil homme;

∎ I managed to get him away from the others j'ai réussi à l'éloigner des autres;

∎ get him away from me débarrassez-moi de lui;

∎ can you get me home? pouvez-vous me raccompagner?;

∎ they got her to the airport on time ils l'ont amenée à l'aéroport à l'heure;

∎ his friends managed to get him home ses amis ont réussi à le ramener (à la maison);

∎ how are we going to get the bike home? comment est-ce qu'on va ramener le vélo à la maison?;

∎ I got a message to them je leur ai fait parvenir un message;

∎ he can't get the children to bed il n'arrive pas à mettre les enfants au lit;

∎ I can't get my boots off/on je n'arrive pas à enlever/mettre mes bottes;

∎ we couldn't get the bed through the door nous n'avons pas pu faire passer le lit par la porte;

∎ figurative where has all this got us? où est-ce que tout ça nous a menés?;

∎ this is getting us nowhere ça ne nous mène nulle part, ça ne nous mène à rien;

∎ that won't get you very far! ça ne te servira pas à grand-chose!, tu ne seras pas beaucoup plus avancé!

D.

(a) (prepare → meal, drink) préparer;

∎ he's in the kitchen getting dinner il est à la cuisine en train de préparer le dîner;

∎ who's going to get the children breakfast? qui va préparer le petit déjeuner pour les enfants?;

∎ she got herself some breakfast elle s'est préparé un petit déjeuner

(b) (hear correctly) entendre, saisir;

∎ I didn't get his name je n'ai pas saisi son nom

(c) (establish telephone contact with)

∎ I got her father on the phone j'ai parlé à son père ou j'ai eu son père au téléphone;

∎ I couldn't get her at the office je n'ai pas pu l'avoir au bureau;

∎ did you get the number you wanted? avez-vous obtenu le numéro que vous vouliez?;

∎ get me extension 3500 passez-moi ou donnez-moi le poste 3500

(d) familiar (understand) comprendre^□, saisir^□ ;

∎ I don't get it, I don't get the point je ne comprends ou ne saisis pas, je n'y suis pas du tout;

∎ I don't get you or your meaning je ne comprends pas ce que vous voulez dire;

∎ if you get my meaning si tu vois ce que je veux dire^□ ;

∎ don't get me wrong comprenez-moi bien;

∎ I think he's got the message now je crois qu'il a compris maintenant;

∎ I don't get the joke je ne vois pas ce qui est (si) drôle^□ ;

∎ get it?, get me?, get my drift? tu saisis?, tu piges?;

∎ (I've) got it! ça y est!^□, j'y suis!^□ ;

∎ oh, I get you! ah! j'ai pigé!

(e) (take note of) remarquer;

∎ did you get his address? lui avez-vous demandé son adresse?

(f) familiar (look at) viser;

∎ get him! who does he think he is? vise un peu ce mec, mais pour qui il se prend?;

∎ get (a load of) that! vise un peu ça!

(g) familiar (listen to) écouter^□ ;

∎ get a load of this! écoute un peu ça!;

∎ get him! écoute-le, celui-là!;

E.

(a) familiar (hit) atteindre^□ ; (hit and kill) tuer^□ ;

∎ she got him in the face with a pie elle lui a jeté une tarte à la crème à la figure;

∎ the bullet got him in the back il a pris la balle ou la balle l'a atteint dans le dos;

∎ a car got him il a été tué par une voiture

(b) familiar (harm, punish)

∎ everyone's out to get me tout le monde est après moi

(c) familiar (take vengeance on) se venger de^□ ;

∎ we'll get you for this! on te revaudra ça!;

∎ I'll get him for that! je lui revaudrai ça!

(d) familiar (affect physically)

∎ the pain gets me in the back j'ai des douleurs dans le dos^□

(e) familiar (affect emotionally) émouvoir^□ ;

∎ that song really gets me cette chanson me fait vraiment quelque chose

(f) familiar (baffle, puzzle)

∎ you've got me there alors là, aucune idée

(g) familiar (irritate) énerver^□, agacer^□ ;

∎ it really gets me when you're late qu'est-ce que ça peut m'énerver quand tu es en retard!

(h) American (learn) apprendre;

∎ to get sth by heart apprendre qch par cœur

(i) archaic (beget) engendrer;

∎ to get sb with child faire un enfant à qn

(j) Radio & Television (signal, station) capter, recevoir

(k) familiar (idiom)

∎ he got his in Vietnam il est mort au Viêt Nam^□

2 intransitive verb

A.

(a) (become) devenir;

∎ I'm getting hungry/thirsty je commence à avoir faim/soif;

∎ get dressed! habille-toi!;

∎ to get fat grossir;

∎ to get married se marier;

∎ to get divorced divorcer;

∎ don't get lost! ne vous perdez pas!;

∎ how did that vase get broken? comment se fait-il que ce vase soit cassé?;

∎ he got so he didn't want to go out any more il en est arrivé à ne plus vouloir sortir;

∎ to get old vieillir;

∎ it's getting late il se fait tard;

∎ this is getting boring ça devient ennuyeux;

∎ to get used to sth/doing sth s'habituer à qch/à faire qch;

∎ familiar will you get with it! mais réveille-toi un peu!

(b) (used to form passive)

∎ to get elected se faire élire, être élu;

∎ suppose he gets killed et s'il se fait tuer?;

∎ to get drowned se noyer;

∎ we got paid last week on a été payés la semaine dernière;

∎ I'm always getting invited to parties on m'invite toujours à des soirées

(c) (with present participle) (start) commencer à, se mettre à;

∎ let's get going or moving! (let's leave) allons-y!; (let's hurry) dépêchons(-nous)!, grouillons-nous!; (let's start to work) au travail!;

∎ I'll get going on that right away je m'y mets tout de suite;

∎ I can't seem to get going today je n'arrive pas à m'activer aujourd'hui;

∎ she got talking to the neighbours elle s'est mise à discuter avec les voisins;

∎ we got talking about racism nous en sommes venus à parler de racisme;

∎ he got to thinking about it il s'est mis à réfléchir à la question

B.

(a) (go) aller, se rendre; (arrive) arriver;

∎ when did you get home? quand es-tu rentré?;

∎ it's nice to get home ça fait du bien de rentrer chez soi;

∎ how do you get to the museum? comment est-ce qu'on fait pour aller au musée?;

∎ how did you get in here? comment êtes-vous entré?;

∎ they should get here today ils devraient arriver ici aujourd'hui;

∎ how did you get here? comment es-tu venu?;

∎ how did that bicycle get here? comment se fait-il que ce vélo se trouve ici?;

∎ I took the train from Madrid to get there j'ai pris le train de Madrid pour y aller;

∎ she's successful now but it took her a while to get there elle a une bonne situation maintenant, mais ça ne s'est pas fait du jour au lendemain;

∎ he got as far as buying the tickets il est allé jusqu'à acheter les billets;

∎ I'd hoped things wouldn't get this far j'avais espéré qu'on n'en arriverait pas là;

∎ are you getting anywhere with that report? il avance, ce rapport?;

∎ now you're getting somewhere! enfin tu avances!;

∎ I'm not getting anywhere or I'm getting nowhere with this project je fais du surplace avec ce projet;

∎ we're not getting anywhere with this meeting cette réunion est une perte de temps;

∎ she won't get anywhere or she'll get nowhere if she's rude to people elle n'arrivera à rien en étant grossière avec les gens;

∎ where's your sister got to? où est passée ta sœur?;

∎ where did my keys get to? où sont passées mes clés?

(b) (move in specified direction)

∎ he got along the ledge as best he could il a avancé le long du rebord du mieux qu'il pouvait;

∎ she got behind a tree elle s'est mise derrière un arbre;

∎ to get into bed se coucher;

∎ get in or into the car! monte dans la voiture!;

∎ get over here! viens ici!;

∎ we couldn't get past the truck nous ne pouvions pas passer le camion

(c) (with infinitive) (start) commencer à, se mettre à;

∎ each city is getting to look like another toutes les grandes villes commencent à se ressembler;

∎ to get to know sb apprendre à connaître qn;

∎ we got to like her husband nous nous sommes mis à apprécier ou à aimer son mari;

∎ you'll get to like it in the end ça finira par te plaire;

∎ his father got to hear of the rumours son père a fini par entendre les rumeurs;

∎ he's getting to be known il commence à être connu, il se fait connaître;

∎ they got to talking about the past ils en sont venus ou ils se sont mis à parler du passé

(d) (become) devenir;

∎ it's getting to be impossible to find a flat ça devient impossible de trouver un appartement;

∎ she may get to be president one day elle pourrait devenir ou être président un jour;

∎ they got to be friends ils sont devenus amis

(e) (manage) réussir à;

∎ we never got to see that film nous n'avons jamais réussi à ou nous ne sommes jamais arrivés à voir ce film;

∎ I didn't get to speak to him in person je n'ai pas pu lui parler en personne

(f) familiar (be allowed to)

∎ he never gets to stay up late on ne le laisse jamais se coucher tard^□ ;

∎ I never get to drive on ne me laisse jamais conduire^□

(g) familiar (leave) se tirer;

∎ get! fous le camp!, tire-toi!

3 noun

familiar (in tennis) beau retour^□ m

➲ get about intransitive verb

(a) (be up and about, move around) se déplacer;

∎ how do you get about town? comment vous déplacez-vous en ville?;

∎ she gets about on crutches/in a wheelchair elle se déplace avec des béquilles/en chaise roulante;

∎ I don't get about much these days je ne me déplace pas beaucoup ces temps-ci

(b) (travel) voyager;

∎ I get about quite a bit in my job je suis assez souvent en déplacement pour mon travail

(c) (be socially active)

∎ she certainly gets about elle connaît beaucoup de monde

(d) (story, rumour) se répandre, circuler;

∎ the news or it got about that they were splitting up la nouvelle de leur séparation s'est répandue

➲ get across

1 intransitive verb

(a) (succeed in crossing) traverser, passer;

∎ the river was flooded but we managed to get across la rivière était en crue mais nous avons réussi à traverser

(b) (be communicated)

∎ our message is not getting across notre message ne passe pas

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (over water, street → person) faire traverser;

∎ we couldn't get the supplies across (across the river) nous ne pouvions pas faire passer les vivres de l'autre côté;

∎ it was easy to get the people across (across the border) il était facile de faire passer les gens

(b) (communicate) communiquer;

∎ I can't seem to get the idea across to them je n'arrive pas à leur faire comprendre ça;

∎ he managed to get his point across il a réussi à faire passer son message

➲ get after inseparable transitive verb

poursuivre

➲ get ahead intransitive verb

(succeed) réussir, arriver;

∎ to get ahead in life or in the world réussir dans la vie;

∎ if you want to get ahead at the office, you have to work si tu veux de l'avancement au bureau, il faut que tu travailles

➲ get along intransitive verb

(a) (fare, manage) aller;

∎ how are you getting along? comment vas-tu?, comment ça va?;

∎ she's getting along well in her new job elle se débrouille bien dans son nouveau travail;

∎ we can get along without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui

(b) (advance, progress) avancer, progresser;

∎ the patient is getting along nicely le patient est en bonne voie ou fait des progrès

(c) (be on good terms) s'entendre;

∎ we get along fine nous nous entendons très bien, nous faisons bon ménage;

∎ she doesn't get along with my mother elle ne s'entend pas avec ma mère;

∎ she's easy to get along with elle est facile à vivre

(d) (move away) s'en aller, partir; (go) aller, se rendre;

∎ it's time for me to be getting along, it's time I was getting along il est temps que je parte;

∎ I must be getting along to the office il faut que j'aille au bureau;

∎ British get along with you! (leave) va-t'en!, fiche le camp!; familiar (I don't believe you) à d'autres!

➲ get around

1 inseparable transitive verb

(obstacle, problem) contourner; (law, rule) tourner;

∎ there's no getting around it, we'll have to tell her il n'y a pas d'autre moyen, il va falloir que nous le lui disions;

∎ there's no getting around the fact that he lied to us il reste qu'il nous a menti

2 intransitive verb

= get about

➲ get around to inseparable transitive verb

∎ she won't get around to reading it before tomorrow elle n'arrivera pas à (trouver le temps de) le lire avant demain;

∎ he finally got around to fixing the radiator il a fini par ou il est finalement arrivé à réparer le radiateur;

∎ it was some time before I got around to writing to her j'ai mis pas mal de temps avant de lui écrire

➲ get at inseparable transitive verb

(a) (reach → object, shelf) atteindre; (→ place) parvenir à, atteindre;

∎ I've put the pills where the children can't get at them j'ai mis les pilules là où les enfants ne peuvent pas les prendre;

∎ familiar just let me get at him! si jamais il me tombe sous la main!

(b) (discover) trouver;

∎ to get at the truth découvrir la vérité

(c) (mean, intend) entendre;

∎ I see what you're getting at je vois où vous voulez en venir;

∎ just what are you getting at? qu'est-ce que vous entendez par là?, où voulez-vous en venir?;

∎ what I'm getting at is why did she leave now? ce que je veux dire, c'est pourquoi est-elle partie maintenant?

(d) familiar (criticize) s'en prendre à^□, s'attaquer à^□ ;

∎ you're always getting at me tu t'en prends toujours à moi

(e) familiar (bribe, influence) acheter, suborner^□ ;

∎ the witnesses had been got at les témoins avaient été achetés

➲ get away

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave) s'en aller, partir;

∎ she has to get away from home/her parents il faut qu'elle parte de chez elle/s'éloigne de ses parents;

∎ I was in a meeting and couldn't get away j'étais en réunion et je ne pouvais pas m'échapper ou m'en aller;

∎ will you be able to get away at Christmas? allez-vous pouvoir partir (en vacances) à Noël?;

∎ to get away from the daily grind échapper au train-train quotidien;

∎ get away from it all, come to Florida! quittez tout, venez en Floride!;

∎ she's gone off for a couple of weeks to get away from it all elle est partie quelques semaines loin de tout

(b) (move away) s'éloigner;

∎ get away from that door! éloignez-vous ou écartez-vous de cette porte!;

∎ get away from me! fichez-moi le camp!

(c) (escape) s'échapper, se sauver;

∎ the murderer got away l'assassin s'est échappé;

∎ the thief got away with all the jewels le voleur est parti ou s'est sauvé avec tous les bijoux;

∎ there's no getting away from or you can't get away from the fact that the other solution would have been cheaper on ne peut pas nier (le fait) que l'autre solution aurait coûté moins cher;

∎ you can't get away from it, there's no getting away from it c'est comme ça, on n'y peut rien

(d) British familiar (idiom)

∎ get away (with you)! à d'autres!

2 separable transitive verb

(remove → person) emmener;

∎ get that child away from the road! éloignez cet enfant de la route!;

∎ get me away from here! fais-moi sortir d'ici!;

∎ get your dog away from my garden! faites sortir votre chien de mon jardin!;

∎ they managed to get him away from the TV ils ont fini par l'arracher de devant la télévision;

∎ to get sth away from sb prendre qch à qn

➲ get away with inseparable transitive verb

∎ he got away with cheating on his taxes personne ne s'est aperçu qu'il avait fraudé le fisc;

∎ I can't believe you got away with it! je n'arrive pas à croire que personne ne t'ait rien dit!;

∎ he got away with a small fine il s'en est tiré avec une petite amende;

∎ that child gets away with murder on laisse tout faire à ce gamin;

∎ her skirt is really tiny but she gets away with it sa jupe est vraiment très courte mais elle peut se le permettre

➲ get back

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move backwards) reculer;

∎ get back! éloignez-vous!, reculez!

(b) (return) revenir, retourner;

∎ I can't wait to get back home je suis impatient de rentrer (à la maison);

∎ get back in bed! va te recoucher!, retourne au lit!;

∎ I got back in the car/on the bus je suis remonté dans la voiture/dans le bus;

∎ to get back to sleep se rendormir;

∎ to get back to work (after break) se remettre au travail; (after holiday, illness) reprendre le travail;

∎ things eventually got back to normal les choses ont peu à peu repris leur cours (normal);

∎ getting or to get back to the point pour en revenir au sujet qui nous préoccupe;

∎ let's get back to your basic reasons for leaving revenons aux raisons pour lesquelles vous voulez partir;

∎ I'll get back to you on that (call back) je vous rappelle pour vous dire ce qu'il en est; (discuss again) nous reparlerons de cela plus tard

(c) (return to political power) revenir;

∎ do you think the Democrats will get back in? croyez-vous que le parti démocrate reviendra au pouvoir?

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (recover → something lost or lent) récupérer; (→ force, strength) reprendre, récupérer; (→ health, motivation) retrouver;

∎ he got his job back il a été repris;

∎ I got back nearly all the money I invested j'ai récupéré presque tout l'argent que j'avais investi;

∎ you'll have to get your money back from the shop il faut que vous vous fassiez rembourser par le magasin

(b) (return) rendre;

∎ we have to get this book back to her il faut que nous lui rendions ce livre

(c) (return to original place) remettre, replacer;

∎ I can't get it back in the box je n'arrive pas à le remettre ou le faire rentrer dans le carton;

∎ I want to get these suitcases back down to the cellar je veux redescendre ces valises à la cave;

∎ he managed to get the children back to bed il a réussi à remettre les enfants au lit

(d) familiar (idiom)

∎ to get one's own back (on sb) se venger (de qn)^□

➲ get back at inseparable transitive verb

se venger de;

∎ he only said it to get back at him il n'a dit ça que pour se venger de lui

➲ get behind

1 intransitive verb

(gen) rester à l'arrière, se laisser distancer; Sport se laisser distancer; figurative prendre du retard;

∎ he got behind with his work il a pris du retard dans son travail;

∎ we mustn't get behind with the rent il ne faut pas qu'on soit en retard pour le loyer

2 inseparable transitive verb

(support, sympathize with) appuyer

➲ get by

1 intransitive verb

(a) (pass) passer;

∎ let me get by laissez-moi passer

(b) (be acceptable) passer, être acceptable;

∎ their work just about gets by leur travail est tout juste passable ou acceptable

(c) (manage, survive) se débrouiller, s'en sortir;

∎ how do you get by on that salary? comment tu te débrouilles ou tu t'en sors avec un salaire comme ça?;

∎ they get by as best they can ils se débrouillent ou s'en sortent tant bien que mal;

∎ we can get by without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move past)

∎ can you get by the washing machine? est-ce que vous avez assez de place pour passer à côté de la machine à laver?

(b) (escape attention of → censor, editor) échapper à;

∎ her film got by the censors son film a échappé à l'attention de la censure

➲ get down

1 intransitive verb

descendre;

∎ get down off that chair! descends de cette chaise!;

∎ may I get down (from the table)? (leave the table) puis-je sortir de table?;

∎ they got down on their knees ils se sont mis à genoux;

∎ get down! (hide) couchez-vous!; (to dog) bas les pattes!

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (bring, fetch down → book from shelf etc) descendre

(b) (reduce → temperature, inflation etc) faire baisser;

∎ to get one's weight down perdre du poids

(c) (write down) noter;

∎ I didn't manage to get down what she said je n'ai pas réussi à noter ce qu'elle a dit

(d) (depress) déprimer, démoraliser;

∎ work is really getting me down at the moment le travail me déprime vraiment en ce moment;

∎ this rainy weather gets him down cette pluie lui fiche le cafard;

∎ don't let it get you down ne te laisse pas abattre

(e) (swallow) avaler, faire descendre

➲ get down to inseparable transitive verb

se mettre à;

∎ I have to get down to balancing the books il faut que je me mette à faire les comptes;

∎ it's not so difficult once you get down to it ce n'est pas si difficile une fois qu'on s'y met;

∎ he got down to working on it this morning il s'y est mis ou s'y est attelé ce matin;

∎ it's hard getting down to work after the weekend c'est difficile de reprendre le travail après le week-end;

∎ we eventually got down to details nous avons fini par en arriver aux détails;

∎ when you get down to it, there's very little difference between them en fin de compte, il y a très peu de différence entre eux

➲ get in

1 intransitive verb

(a) (into building) entrer;

∎ the thief got in through the window le cambrioleur est entré par la fenêtre;

∎ a car pulled up and she got in une voiture s'est arrêtée et elle est montée dedans;

∎ water had got in everywhere l'eau avait pénétré partout

(b) (return home) rentrer;

∎ we got in about 4 a.m. nous sommes rentrés vers 4 heures du matin

(c) (arrive) arriver;

∎ what time does your plane get in? à quelle heure ton avion arrive-t-il?

(d) (be admitted → to club) se faire admettre; (→ to school, university) entrer, être admis ou reçu;

∎ he applied to Oxford but he didn't get in il voulait entrer à Oxford mais il n'a pas pu

(e) (be elected → person) être élu; (→ party) accéder au pouvoir

(f) familiar (become involved) participer^□ ;

∎ she got in at the beginning elle est arrivée au début^□

(g) (interject) glisser;

∎ "what about me?" she managed to get in "et moi?" réussit-elle à glisser

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (fit in)

∎ I hope to get in a bit of reading on holiday j'espère pouvoir lire ou que je trouverai le temps de lire pendant mes vacances;

∎ she got in some last-minute revision before the exam elle a réussi à faire des révisions de dernière minute avant l'examen

(b) (insert) faire pénétrer;

∎ I couldn't get a word in je n'ai pas pu placer un mot, je n'ai pas pu en placer une

(c) (collect, gather → crops) rentrer, engranger; (→ debts) recouvrer; (→ taxes) percevoir

(d) (lay in)

∎ I must get in some more coal je dois faire une provision de charbon;

∎ to get in supplies s'approvisionner

(e) (call in → doctor, plumber) faire venir; (→ dog, cat) faire rentrer;

∎ shouldn't Elaine be in on this meeting? - of course, could you get her in? on n'a pas besoin d'Elaine pour cette réunion? - si, bien sûr, tu peux lui demander de venir?

(f) (hand in, submit) rendre, remettre;

∎ did you get your application in on time? as-tu remis ton dossier de candidature à temps?

(g) (cause to be admitted → to club, university) faire admettre ou accepter; (cause to be elected) faire élire

(h) (plant → seeds) planter, semer; (→ bulbs, plants) planter

(i) British familiar (pay for, stand) payer^□, offrir^□ ;

∎ he got the next round in il a payé la tournée suivante

3 inseparable transitive verb

(building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans;

∎ he had just got in the door when the phone rang il venait juste d'arriver ou d'entrer quand le téléphone a sonné

➲ get in on

1 inseparable transitive verb

∎ to get in on a deal prendre part à un marché;

∎ to get in on the fun se mettre de la partie

2 separable transitive verb

faire participer à;

∎ he got me in on the deal il m'a intéressé à l'affaire

➲ get into

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans

(b) (arrive in) arriver à;

∎ we get into Madrid at 3 o'clock nous arrivons à Madrid à 3 heures;

∎ the train got into the station le train est entré en gare

(c) (put on → dress, shirt, shoes) mettre; (→ trousers, stockings) enfiler, mettre; (→ coat) endosser;

∎ she got into her clothes elle a mis ses vêtements ou s'est habillée;

∎ can you still get into your jeans? est-ce que tu rentres encore dans ton jean?

(d) (be admitted to → club, school, university) entrer dans;

∎ he'd like to get into the club il voudrait devenir membre du club;

∎ her daughter got into medical school sa fille a été admise dans ou est entrée dans une école de médecine;

∎ to get into office être élu

(e) (become involved in)

∎ he wants to get into politics il veut se lancer dans la politique;

∎ they got into a conversation about South Africa ils se sont mis à parler de l'Afrique du Sud;

∎ we got into a fight over who had to do the dishes nous nous sommes disputés pour savoir qui devait faire la vaisselle;

∎ this is not the moment to get into that ce n'est pas le moment de parler de ça

(f) familiar (take up) s'intéresser à^□ ;

∎ he got into Eastern religions il a commencé à s'intéresser aux religions orientales;

∎ it's a hard book to get into c'est un livre dans lequel il est difficile de rentrer ^□

(g) (become accustomed to)

∎ he soon got into her way of doing things il s'est vite fait ou s'est vite mis à sa façon de faire les choses

(h) (experience a specified condition or state)

∎ to get into debt s'endetter;

∎ he got into a real mess il s'est mis dans un vrai pétrin;

∎ the children were always getting into mischief les enfants passaient leur temps à faire des bêtises;

∎ I got into a real state about the test j'étais dans tous mes états à cause du test;

∎ she got into trouble with the teacher elle a eu des ennuis avec le professeur

(i) (cause to act strangely) prendre;

∎ what's got into you? qu'est-ce qui te prend?, quelle mouche te pique?;

∎ I wonder what got into him to make him act like that je me demande ce qui l'a poussé à réagir comme ça

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (insert into)

∎ to get sth into sth (faire) (r)entrer qch dans qch;

∎ to get the key into the lock mettre ou introduire la clef dans la serrure;

∎ to get an article into a paper faire accepter un article par un journal;

∎ to get an idea into one's head se mettre une idée en tête;

∎ familiar when will you get it into your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?^□

(b) (cause to be admitted to → club) faire entrer à; (→ school, university) faire entrer dans;

∎ he got his friend into the club il a permis à son ami de devenir membre du club;

∎ the president got his son into Harvard le président a fait entrer ou accepter ou admettre son fils à Harvard

(c) (cause to be in a specified condition or state) mettre;

∎ she got herself into a terrible state elle s'est mis dans tous ses états;

∎ he got them into a lot of trouble il leur a attiré de gros ennuis

(d) (involve in) impliquer dans, entraîner dans;

∎ you're the one who got us into this c'est toi qui nous as embarqués dans cette histoire

(e) familiar (make interested in) faire découvrir^□ ; (accustom to) habituer à^□, faire prendre l'habitude de^□ ;

∎ he got me into jazz il m'a initié au jazz^□

➲ get in with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (ingratiate oneself with) s'insinuer dans ou s'attirer les bonnes grâces de, se faire bien voir de;

∎ they tried to get in with the new director ils ont essayé de se faire bien voir du nouveau directeur

(b) (associate with → person, group etc) fréquenter;

∎ he has got in with a new gang il n'est pas plus avec la même bande;

∎ she got in with the wrong crowd at school elle avait de mauvaises fréquentations à l'école

➲ get off

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave bus, train etc) descendre;

∎ get off at the next stop descendez au prochain arrêt;

∎ familiar I told him where to get off! je l'ai envoyé sur les roses!, je l'ai envoyé promener!;

∎ familiar where do you get off telling me what to do? qu'est-ce qui te prend de me dicter ce que je dois faire?

(b) (depart → person) s'en aller, partir; (→ car) démarrer; (→ plane) décoller; (→ letter, parcel) partir;

∎ I have to be getting off to work il faut que j'aille au travail;

∎ figurative the project got off to a bad/good start le projet a pris un mauvais/bon départ

(c) (leave work) finir, s'en aller; (take time off) se libérer;

∎ what time do you get off? à quelle heure finissez-vous?;

∎ can you get off early tomorrow? peux-tu quitter le travail de bonne heure demain?

(d) (escape punishment) s'en sortir, s'en tirer, en être quitte;

∎ she didn't think she'd get off so lightly elle n'espérait pas s'en tirer à si bon compte;

∎ the students got off with a fine/warning les étudiants en ont été quittes pour une amende/un avertissement

(e) (let go of something) lâcher;

∎ hey! get off! that's MY book! hé! laisse ça! c'est mon livre ou c'est à moi ce livre!

(f) (go to sleep) s'endormir

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (leave → bus, train, plane etc) descendre de

(b) (descend from → bike, wall, chair etc) descendre de;

∎ he got off his horse il est descendu de cheval;

∎ if only the boss would get off my back si seulement le patron me fichait la paix

(c) (depart from) partir de, décamper de;

∎ get off my property fichez le camp de chez moi;

∎ get off the grass! ne marche pas sur la pelouse!;

∎ we got off the road to let the ambulance pass nous sommes sortis de la route pour laisser passer l'ambulance

(d) (let go of)

∎ get off me! laisse-moi tranquille!, lâche-moi!

(e) (escape from) se libérer de; (avoid) échapper à;

∎ she managed to get off work elle a réussi à se libérer;

∎ how did you get off doing the housework? comment as-tu fait pour échapper au ménage?

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to leave, climb down) faire descendre;

∎ get the cat off the table fais descendre le chat de (sur) la table;

∎ the conductor got the passengers off the train le conducteur a fait descendre les passagers du train;

∎ figurative try to get her mind off her troubles essaie de lui changer les idées

(b) (send) envoyer, faire partir;

∎ I want to get this letter off je veux expédier cette lettre ou mettre cette lettre à la poste;

∎ she got the boys off to school elle a expédié ou envoyé les garçons à l'école;

∎ we got him off on the morning train nous l'avons mis au train du matin

(c) (remove → clothing, lid) enlever, ôter; (→ stains) faire partir ou disparaître, enlever;

∎ I can't get this ink off my hands je n'arrive pas à faire partir cette encre de mes mains;

∎ get your hands off that cake! ne touche pas à ce gâteau!;

∎ get your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;

∎ get your feet off the table! enlève tes pieds de sur la table!;

∎ figurative he'd like to get that house off his hands il aimerait bien se débarrasser de cette maison

(d) (free from punishment) tirer d'affaire; (in court) faire acquitter;

∎ he'll need a good lawyer to get him off il lui faudra un bon avocat pour se tirer d'affaire;

∎ to get sb off doing sth dispenser qn de faire qch

(e) (put to sleep) endormir;

∎ I've just managed to get the baby off (to sleep) je viens de réussir à endormir le bébé

(f) (have as holiday)

∎ to get a day/week off prendre un jour/une semaine de congé;

∎ can you get tomorrow afternoon/next week off? est-ce que tu peux prendre un congé demain après-midi/la semaine prochaine?

(g) (obtain)

∎ to get sth off sb obtenir qch de qn;

∎ I got that story off the woman next door je tiens cette histoire de la voisine;

∎ I got this cold off the woman next door la voisine m'a passé son rhume

➲ get off on inseparable transitive verb

(a) familiar (sexually)

∎ he gets off on pornographic films il prend son pied en regardant des films pornos;

∎ is that what you get off on? c'est comme ça que tu prends ton pied?;

∎ figurative he gets off on teasing people il adore taquiner les gens^□ ;

∎ I really get off on hip-hop! j'adore le hip-hop!^□

(b) very familiar drugs slang

∎ he gets off on heroin il se défonce à l'héroïne

➲ get off with inseparable transitive verb

British familiar

∎ to get off with sb faire une touche avec qn

➲ get on

1 intransitive verb

(a) (on bus, plane, train) monter; (on ship) monter à bord

(b) (fare, manage)

∎ how's your husband getting on? comment va votre mari?;

∎ how did he get on at the interview? comment s'est passé son entretien?, comment ça a marché pour son entretien?;

∎ you'll get on far better if you think about it first tout ira mieux si tu réfléchis avant

(c) (make progress) avancer, progresser;

∎ Jennifer is getting on very well in maths Jennifer se débrouille très bien en maths;

∎ how's your work getting on? ça avance, ton travail?

(d) (succeed) réussir, arriver;

∎ to get on in life or in the world faire son chemin ou réussir dans la vie;

∎ some say that in order to get on, you often have to compromise il y a des gens qui disent que pour réussir (dans la vie), il faut souvent faire des compromis

(e) (continue) continuer;

∎ we must be getting on il faut que nous partions;

∎ do you think we can get on with the meeting now? croyez-vous que nous puissions poursuivre notre réunion maintenant?;

∎ get on with your work! allez! au travail!;

∎ they got on with the job ils se sont remis au travail

(f) (be on good terms) s'entendre;

∎ my mother and I get on well je m'entends bien avec ma mère;

∎ they don't get on ils ne s'entendent pas;

∎ she's never got on with him elle ne s'est jamais entendue avec lui;

∎ to be difficult/easy to get on with être difficile/facile à vivre

(g) (grow late → time)

∎ time's getting on il se fait tard;

∎ it was getting on in the evening, the evening was getting on la soirée tirait à sa fin

(h) (grow old → person) se faire vieux (vieille);

∎ she's getting on (in years) elle commence à se faire vieille

(i) (idioms)

∎ get on with it! (continue speaking) continuez!; (continue working) allez! au travail!; (hurry up) mais dépêchez-vous enfin!;

∎ familiar get on with you! (I don't believe you) à d'autres!

2 inseparable transitive verb

(bus, train) monter dans; (plane) monter dans, monter à bord de; (ship) monter à bord de; (bed, horse, table, bike) monter sur;

∎ he got on his bike il est monté sur ou il a enfourché son vélo;

∎ get on your feet levez-vous, mettez-vous debout;

∎ how did these papers get on my desk? comment est-ce que ces papiers se sont retrouvés ou sont arrivés sur mon bureau?;

∎ figurative it took the patient a while to get (back) on his feet le patient a mis longtemps à se remettre

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (help onto → bus, train) faire monter dans; (→ bed, bike, horse, table) faire monter sur;

∎ they got him on his feet ils l'ont mis debout;

∎ figurative the doctor got her on her feet le médecin l'a remise sur pied

(b) (coat, gloves, shoes) mettre, enfiler; (lid) mettre;

∎ I can't get these trousers on any more je n'entre plus dans ce pantalon

(c) American familiar

∎ to get it on (with sb) (have sex) s'envoyer en l'air (avec qn); (fight) se friter (avec qn);

∎ to get it on (get started) s'y mettre^□

➲ get on for inseparable transitive verb

∎ the president is getting on for sixty le président approche de la soixantaine ou a presque soixante ans;

∎ it's getting on for midnight il est presque minuit, il n'est pas loin de minuit;

∎ it's getting on for three weeks since we saw her ça va faire bientôt trois semaines que nous ne l'avons pas vue;

∎ there were getting on for ten thousand demonstrators il n'y avait pas loin ou il y avait près de dix mille manifestants

➲ get onto

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) = get on inseparable transitive verb

(b) (turn attention to)

∎ to get onto a subject or onto a topic aborder un sujet;

∎ how did we get onto reincarnation? comment est-ce qu'on en est venus à parler de réincarnation?;

∎ I'll get right onto it! je vais m'y mettre tout de suite!

(c) (contact) prendre contact avec, se mettre en rapport avec; (speak to) parler à; (call) téléphoner à, donner un coup de fil à

(d) familiar (become aware of) découvrir^□ ;

∎ the plan worked well until the police got onto it le plan marchait bien jusqu'à ce que la police tombe dessus

(e) (nag, rebuke) harceler;

∎ his father is always getting onto him to find a job son père est toujours à le harceler pour qu'il trouve du travail

(f) (be elected to)

∎ he got onto the school board il a été élu au conseil d'administration de l'école

2 separable transitive verb

(a) = get on separable transitive verb

(a)

(b) (cause to talk about) faire parler de, amener à parler de;

∎ we got him onto (the subject of) his activities in the Resistance nous l'avons amené à parler de ses activités dans la Résistance

➲ get out

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave building, room etc) sortir; (leave vehicle) descendre; (leave organization, town) quitter;

∎ he got out of the car il est sorti de la voiture;

∎ to get out of bed se lever, sortir de son lit;

∎ you'd better get out of here tu ferais bien de partir ou sortir;

∎ get out! sortez!;

∎ get out of here! (leave) sortez d'ici!; American familiar (I don't believe it) mon œil!;

∎ to get out while the going is good partir au bon moment

(b) (go out) sortir;

∎ they don't get out much ils ne sortent pas beaucoup

(c) (be released from prison, hospital) sortir

(d) (information, news) se répandre, s'ébruiter;

∎ the secret got out le secret a été éventé

(e) (escape) s'échapper;

∎ the prisoner got out of his cell le prisonnier s'est échappé de sa cellule;

∎ he was lucky to get out alive il a eu de la chance de s'en sortir vivant

(f) American (empty)

∎ theaters were getting out les gens sortaient des théâtres

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (bring out → champagne, furniture, books, car) sortir; (person) (faire) sortir;

∎ to get a book out from the library emprunter un livre à la bibliothèque

(b) (produce, publish → book) publier, sortir; (→ list) établir, dresser

(c) (speak with difficulty) prononcer, sortir;

∎ I could barely get a word out c'est à peine si je pouvais dire ou prononcer ou sortir un mot;

∎ familiar to get out from under s'en sortir^□, s'en tirer^□

(d) (free → hostages etc) libérer

(e) (remove) enlever; (nail etc) arracher; (cork) retirer; (stain) faire disparaître

(f) Sport (in cricket → batsman) renverser le guichet à

➲ get out of

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (leave → building) sortir de; (car, train) descendre de;

∎ let's get out of here partons d'ici;

∎ he managed to get out of the country (criminal, refugee) il a réussi à quitter le pays;

∎ to get out of bed se lever;

∎ to get out of prison/the army sortir de prison/quitter l'armée;

∎ to get out of sb's way s'écarter du chemin de qn, faire place à qn;

∎ very familiar get the hell out of here! fiche(-moi) le camp!

(b) (avoid) éviter, échapper à; (obligation) se dérober ou se soustraire à;

∎ how did you get out of doing the dishes? comment as-tu pu échapper à la vaisselle?;

∎ he tried to get out of helping me il a essayé de se débrouiller pour ne pas devoir m'aider;

∎ we have to go, there's no getting out of it il faut qu'on y aille, il n'y a rien à faire ou il n'y a pas moyen d'y échapper;

∎ there's no getting out of it, you were the better candidate il faut le reconnaître ou il n'y a pas à dire, vous étiez le meilleur candidat

(c) (escape from)

∎ to get out of trouble se tirer d'affaire;

∎ they managed to get out of the clutches of the mafia ils ont réussi à se tirer des griffes de la mafia;

∎ how can I get out of this mess? comment puis-je me tirer de ce pétrin?

(d) (become unaccustomed to)

∎ to get out of (the habit of) doing sth perdre l'habitude de faire qch

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (take out of) sortir de;

∎ get the baby out of the house every now and then sors le bébé de temps en temps;

∎ she got a handkerchief out of her handbag elle a sorti un mouchoir de son sac à main;

∎ how many books did you get out of the library? combien de livres as-tu emprunté à ou sorti de la bibliothèque?

(b) (help to avoid)

∎ the lawyer got his client out of jail l'avocat a fait sortir son client de prison;

∎ figurative the phone call got her out of having to talk to me le coup de fil lui a évité d'avoir à me parler;

∎ he'll never get himself out of this one! il ne s'en sortira jamais!;

∎ my confession got him out of trouble ma confession l'a tiré d'affaire

(c) (extract → cork) sortir de; (→ nail, splinter) enlever de; (→ stain) faire partir de, enlever de;

∎ I can't get the cork out of the bottle je n'arrive pas à déboucher la bouteille;

∎ the police got a confession/the truth out of him la police lui a arraché une confession/la vérité;

∎ we got the money out of him nous avons réussi à obtenir l'argent de lui;

∎ I can't get anything out of him je ne peux rien tirer de lui;

∎ I can't get the idea out of my mind je ne peux pas chasser cette idée de mon esprit

(d) (gain from) gagner, retirer;

∎ to get a lot out of sth tirer (un) grand profit de qch;

∎ I didn't get much out of that class ce cours ne m'a pas apporté grand-chose, je n'ai pas retiré grand-chose de ce cours;

∎ the job was difficult but she got something out of it la tâche était difficile, mais elle y a trouvé son compte ou en a tiré profit

➲ get over

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (cross → river, street) traverser, franchir; (→ fence, wall) franchir, passer par-dessus

(b) (recover from → illness) se remettre de, guérir de; (→ accident) se remettre de; (→ loss) se remettre de, se consoler de;

∎ I'll never get over her je ne l'oublierai jamais;

∎ he can't get over her death il n'arrive pas à se remettre de sa mort ou disparition;

∎ we couldn't get over our surprise nous n'arrivions pas à nous remettre de notre surprise;

∎ I can't get over how much he's grown! qu'est-ce qu'il a grandi, je n'en reviens pas!;

∎ I can't get over it! je n'en reviens pas!;

∎ he couldn't get over the fact that she had come back il n'en revenait pas qu'elle soit revenue;

∎ I can't get over your having refused je n'en reviens pas que vous ayez refusé;

∎ he'll get over it! il n'en mourra pas!

(c) (master, overcome → obstacle) surmonter; (→ difficulty) surmonter, venir à bout de;

∎ they soon got over their shyness ils ont vite oublié ou surmonté leur timidité

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to cross) faire traverser

(b) (communicate → idea, message) faire passer

3 intransitive verb

(a) (cross) traverser;

∎ to get over to France/America aller en France/Amérique;

∎ we'll try to get over next weekend (to visit) nous essayerons de venir vous voir le week-end prochain

(b) (idea, message) passer

➲ get over with inseparable transitive verb

(finish with) en finir avec;

∎ let's get it over with finissons-en;

∎ I expect you'll be glad to get it over with j'imagine que vous serez soulagé quand ce sera terminé

➲ get round

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) = get around

(b) (exhibition, museum) faire le tour de; (corner) passer

2 separable transitive verb

∎ (bring, take) I'll get the books round (to you) as soon as I can je t'apporterai les livres dès que je le pourrai

3 intransitive verb

(a) = get about

(b) the doctor said she'd get round as soon as she could le docteur a dit qu'elle viendrait ou passerait dès qu'elle pourrait;

∎ I didn't manage to get round to each pupil in the class je n'ai pas réussi à m'occuper de chaque élève de la classe

➲ get round to inseparable transitive verb

= get around to

➲ get through

1 intransitive verb

(a) (reach destination) parvenir;

∎ the road was blocked and no one could get through la route était bloquée et personne ne pouvait passer;

∎ they managed to get through to the wounded ils ont réussi à parvenir jusqu'aux blessés;

∎ the letter got through to her la lettre lui est parvenue;

∎ the message didn't get through le message n'est pas arrivé;

∎ despite the crowds, I managed to get through malgré la foule, j'ai réussi à passer

(b) (candidate, student → succeed) réussir; (→ in exam) être reçu, réussir;

∎ the team got through to the final l'équipe s'est classée pour la finale

(c) (bill, motion) passer, être adopté ou voté

(d) (make oneself understood) se faire comprendre;

∎ I can't seem to get through to her elle et moi ne sommes pas sur la même longueur d'onde

(e) (contact) contacter; Telecommunications obtenir la communication;

∎ I can't get through to his office je n'arrive pas à avoir son bureau

(f) American (finish) finir, terminer;

∎ call me when you get through appelez-moi quand vous aurez ou avez fini

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (come through → hole, window) passer par; (→ crowd) se frayer un chemin à travers ou dans; (→ military lines) percer, franchir

(b) (survive → storm, winter) survivre à; (→ difficulty) se sortir de, se tirer de;

∎ he got through it alive il s'en est sorti (vivant)

(c) (complete, finish → book) finir, terminer; (→ job, project) achever, venir à bout de;

∎ I got through an enormous amount of work j'ai abattu beaucoup de travail;

∎ it took us one week to get through the entire play il nous a fallu une semaine pour venir à bout de la pièce

(d) (consume, use up) consommer, utiliser;

∎ we get through a litre of olive oil a week nous utilisons un litre d'huile d'olive par semaine;

∎ they got through their monthly salary in one week en une semaine ils avaient dépensé tout leur salaire du mois;

∎ he gets through eight shirts a week il salit huit chemises par semaine;

∎ we'll never get through all this food nous ne viendrons jamais à bout de toute cette nourriture

(e) (endure, pass → time) faire passer;

∎ how will I get through this without you? comment pourrai-je vivre cette épreuve sans toi?;

∎ they got through the day without a single argument ils ne se sont pas disputés une seule fois de toute la journée;

∎ the Government may have difficulty getting through another six months le gouvernement aura peut-être du mal à tenir encore six mois

(f) (exam) réussir, être reçu à

(g) (of bill, motion) passer;

∎ the bill got through both Houses le projet de loi a été adopté par les deux Chambres

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (transport, send successfully) faire parvenir;

∎ they got the food supplies through ils ont réussi à faire parvenir les provisions alimentaires (à destination);

∎ to get sth through customs (faire) passer qch à la douane;

∎ you'll never get that desk through tu n'arriveras jamais à faire passer ce bureau

(b) (transmit → message) faire passer, transmettre, faire parvenir;

∎ can you get this letter through to my family? pouvez-vous transmettre ou faire parvenir cette lettre à ma famille?

(c) (make understood)

∎ I finally got it through to him that I wasn't interested j'ai fini par lui faire comprendre que je n'étais pas intéressé;

∎ familiar when will you get it through your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?^□

(d) (bill, motion) faire adopter, faire passer;

∎ the party got the bill through the Senate le parti a fait voter ou adopter le projet de loi par le Sénat

(e) (cause to succeed)

∎ it was your essay that got you through (the exam) c'est grâce à ta dissertation que tu as réussi l'examen

(f) (enable to endure)

∎ I need four cups of coffee to get me through the day il me faut mes quatre tasses de café par jour

➲ get through with inseparable transitive verb

terminer, finir

➲ get to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (reach) arriver à;

∎ where have you got to? (in book, work) où en es-tu?;

∎ it got to the point where he couldn't walk another step il en est arrivé au point de ne plus pouvoir faire un pas

(b) (deal with) s'occuper de;

∎ I'll get to you in a minute je suis à toi ou je m'occupe de toi dans quelques secondes;

∎ he'll get to it tomorrow il va s'en occuper demain

(c) familiar (have an effect on)

∎ that music really gets to me (moves me) cette musique me touche vraiment^□ ; (annoys me) cette musique me tape sur le système;

∎ don't let it get to you! ne t'énerve pas pour ça!

(d) American familiar

∎ they got to the witness (bribed) ils ont acheté le témoin; (killed) ils ont descendu le témoin

➲ get together

1 intransitive verb

(a) (meet) se réunir, se rassembler;

∎ can we get together after the meeting? on peut se retrouver après la réunion?

(b) (reach an agreement) se mettre d'accord;

∎ the committee got together on the date les membres du comité se sont entendus ou se sont mis d'accord sur la date;

∎ you'd better get together with him on the proposal vous feriez bien de vous entendre avec lui au sujet de la proposition

2 separable transitive verb

(people) réunir, rassembler; (things) rassembler, ramasser; (thoughts) rassembler;

∎ to get some money together réunir une somme d'argent;

∎ let me get my thoughts together laissez-moi rassembler mes idées;

∎ familiar to get one's act together se secouer;

∎ familiar she's really got it together (in life) elle sait ce qu'elle fait^□ ; (in job etc) elle domine son sujet^□ ;

∎ familiar I never thought he would get it together je n'aurais jamais pensé qu'il y arriverait^□

➲ get up

1 intransitive verb

(a) (arise from bed) se lever;

∎ it was 6 o'clock when we got up il était 6 heures quand nous nous sommes levés;

∎ I like to get up late on Sundays j'aime faire la grasse matinée le dimanche;

∎ get up! sors du lit!, debout!, lève-toi!

(b) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;

∎ she had to get up from her chair elle a été obligée de se lever de sa chaise;

∎ to get up from the table se lever ou sortir de table;

∎ get up off the floor! relève-toi!;

∎ please don't bother getting up restez assis, je vous prie

(c) (climb up) monter;

∎ they got up on the roof ils sont montés sur le toit;

∎ she got up behind him on the motorcycle elle est montée derrière lui sur la moto

(d) (of wind) se lever

(e) (to horse)

∎ get up! allez!

2 inseparable transitive verb

(stairs) monter; (ladder, tree) monter à; (hill) gravir

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (cause to rise to feet) faire lever; (awaken) réveiller

(b) (move up) monter;

∎ how are we going to get this desk up to the fifth floor? comment allons-nous monter ce bureau jusqu'au cinquième étage?;

∎ to get sb up the stairs (help climb) aider qn à monter l'escalier

(c) (generate, work up)

∎ to get up speed gagner de la vitesse;

∎ to get one's courage up rassembler son courage;

∎ I can't get up any enthusiasm for the job je n'arrive pas à éprouver d'enthousiasme pour ce travail

(d) familiar (organize → entertainment, party) organiser^□, monter^□ ; (→ petition) organiser^□ ; (→ play) monter^□ ; (→ excuse, story) fabriquer^□, forger^□

(e) (dress up) habiller; (in costume) déguiser;

∎ their children are always so nicely got up leurs enfants sont toujours si bien habillés;

∎ to get oneself up se mettre sur son trente et un

(f) familiar (study → subject) bûcher, travailler^□ ; (→ notes, speech) préparer^□

(g) very familiar (idiom)

∎ to get it up bander

➲ get up to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (do) faire;

∎ he gets up to all kinds of mischief il fait des tas de bêtises;

∎ what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?

(b) (reach)

∎ I've got up to chapter 5 j'en suis au chapitre 5;

∎ where have you got up to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous?

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > get
12 swing

swiŋ
1. past tense, past participle - swung; verb
1) (to (cause to) move or sway in a curve (from side to side or forwards and backwards) from a fixed point: You swing your arms when you walk; The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree; The door swung open; He swung the load on to his shoulder.) balancearse; girar, doblar

2) (to walk with a stride: He swung along the road.) caminar a zancadas, caminar a paso ligero

3) (to turn suddenly: He swung round and stared at them; He is hoping to swing the voters in his favour.) girar(se); cambiar

2. noun
1) (an act, period, or manner, of swinging: He was having a swing on the rope; Most golfers would like to improve their swing.) balanceo, vaivén, oscilación; (golf) swing

2) (a swinging movement: the swing of the dancers' skirts.) vaivén, balanceo, oscilación

3) (a strong dancing rhythm: The music should be played with a swing.) ritmo; (jazz) swing

4) (a change in public opinion etc: a swing away from the government.) giro, viraje, cambio

5) (a seat for swinging, hung on ropes or chains from a supporting frame etc.) columpio

•

- swinging
- swing bridge
- swing door
- be in full swing
- get into the swing of things
- get into the swing
- go with a swing

swing¹ n columpio

be careful on the swing, you might fall off cuidado en el columpio, puedes caerte

swing² vb

1. columpiarse

the boy was swinging on a rope el chico se columpiaba en una cuerda

2. mecerse / oscilar / balancearse

the door was swinging in the wind la puerta se mecía con el viento

El pasado y participio pasado de swing es swung

swing m inv
1 Mús (estilo de jazz) swing
2 fig (tensión interpretativa) ese cantante tiene mucho swing, this singer has got rhythm
3 Dep (efecto de golpear la pelota de golf) ese jugador tiene muy buen swing, this player has a good swing ' swing' also found in these entries: Spanish: balancear - balancearse - bambolearse - columpiar - columpiarse - columpio - desplazarse - mecerse - oscilar - vaivén - contonearse - hamaca - hamacar - mecer - puente English: cat - follow through - forehand - swing - swing door - swung - swinging - wave

swing

tr[swɪŋ]

noun

1 (movement) balanceo, vaivén nombre masculino; (of pendulum) oscilación nombre femenino, vaivén nombre masculino; (of hips) contoneo

2 (plaything) columpio

3 (change, shift) giro, viraje nombre masculino, cambio

4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in golf, boxing) swing nombre masculino

5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (jazz style) swing nombre masculino; (rhythm) ritmo

intransitive verb (pt & pp swung tr[swʌŋ])

1 (hanging object) balancearse, bambolearse; (pendulum) oscilar; (arms, legs) menearse; (child on swing) columpiarse; (on a pivot) mecerse

■ the lightbulb was swinging from a flex la bombilla se balanceaba de un cable

■ the gate was swinging in the wind la puerta se mecía con el viento

2 (drive) girar, doblar; (walk) caminar con energía; (jump) saltar

■ the car swung into the drive el coche dobló por el camino de entrada

■ the monkey swung from tree to tree el mono saltaba de árbol en árbol

3 (shift) cambiar, oscilar, virar

■ the electorate has swung to the right el electorado ha virado a la derecha

■ her moods swing drastically tiene muchos cambios de humor

4 (music, band) tener ritmo; (party) estar muy animado,-a

transitive verb

1 (gen) balancear, bambolear; (arms, legs) balancear; (child on swing) columpiar, balancear; (object on rope) hacer oscilar

■ she swung her bag as she walked along balanceaba la bolsa al andar

■ she swings her hips se contonea

2 (cause to move) hacer girar

■ he swung the rucksack onto his back se echó la mochila a la espalda

3 (change) cambiar

■ they are trying to swing public opinion intentan cambiar la opinión pública

4 familiar (arrange, achieve) arreglar

■ I'll see if I can swing it for you to come miraré de arreglarlo para que puedas venir

■ he managed to swing the deal logró cerrar el trato

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in full swing en plena marcha, en pleno apogeo

it's swings and roundabouts lo que se pierde acá se gana allá

to get into the swing of something coger el ritmo de algo, cogerle el tranquillo a algo

to go with a swing ir sobre ruedas

to swing for something colgarle algo a alguien

to swing into action ponerse en marcha

to swing open/shut (door) abrirse/cerrarse (de golpe)

to swing the lead (intentar) escaquearse, poner excusas para no trabajar

to take a swing at somebody/something asestar un golpe a alguien/algo, intentar darle a alguien/algo

swing bridge puente nombre masculino giratorio

swing door puerta giratoria

swing ['swɪŋ] v, swung ['swʌŋ] ; swinging vt

1) : describir una curva con

he swung the ax at the tree: le dio al arbol con el hacha

2) : balancear (los brazos, etc.), hacer oscilar

3) suspend: colgar

swing vi

1) sway: balancearse (dícese de los brazos, etc.), oscilar (dícese de un objeto), columpiarse, mecerse (en un columpio)

2) swivel: girar (en un pivote)

the door swung shut: la puerta se cerró

3) change: virar, cambiar (dícese de las opiniones, etc.)

swing n

1) swinging: vaivén m, balanceo m

2) change, shift: viraje m, movimiento m

3) : columpio m (para niños)

4)

to take a swing at someone : intentar pegarle a alguien

swing

n.

• balanceo s.m.

• columpio s.m.

• oscilación s.f.

• vaivén s.m.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: swung) = balancear v.

• balancearse v.

• bambalear v.

• cimbrar v.

• columpiar v.

• girar v.

• hacer oscilar v.

• hamaquear v.

• mecer v.

• menear v.

• ondear v.

• remecer v.

I
1. swɪŋ
(past & past p swung) intransitive verb

1)

a) (hang, dangle) balancearse; ( on a swing) columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*; \<\<pendulum\>\> oscilar

b) ( convey oneself)

the monkeys swung from tree to tree — los monos saltaban de árbol en árbol colgados or (Col, Méx, Ven) guindados de las ramas (or de las lianas etc)

2)

a) ( move on pivot)

the door swung open/shut o to — la puerta se abrió/se cerró

the door was swinging in the wind — la puerta se mecía con el viento

b) ( turn) girar or doblar ( describiendo una curva)

the ball swung away — la pelota salió desviada

3) (shift, change) \<\<opinion/mood\>\> cambiar, oscilar

his views swing from one extreme to another — sus ideas pasan de un extremo a otro

the country is swinging to the left — el país está virando or dando un viraje hacia la izquierda

4)

a)

to swing into something — \<\<into action/operation\>\>

the emergency plans swung into operation/action — se pusieron en marcha los planes de emergencia

b) ( attempt to hit)

to swing AT somebody/something — intentar pegarle or darle a alguien/algo

5) (be lively, up to date) (colloq) \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

2.

vt

1) ( move to and fro) \<\<arms/legs\>\> balancear; \<\<object on rope\>\> hacer* oscilar

to swing one's hips — contonearse, contonear or menear las caderas

2)

a) ( convey)

he swung himself into the saddle — se montó en la silla de un salto

he swung his suitcase up onto the rack — subío la maleta al portaequipaje de un envión

b) (wave, brandish) \<\<club/hammer\>\> blandir

3)

a) (colloq) ( manage) arreglar

if you want that job, I think I can swing it — si quieres ese puesto, creo que puedo arreglarlo

b) ( shift)

this could swing the vote our way — esto podría inclinar la votación a nuestro favor

he managed to swing public opinion behind him — logró poner a la opinión pública de su lado

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- swing around

II

noun

1)

a) c u ( movement) oscilación f, vaivén m

b) c ( distance) arco que describe un objeto que oscila

c) c (blow, stroke) golpe m; (in golf, boxing) swing m

to take a swing at somebody/something — intentar darle a alguien/algo (con un palo, una raqueta etc)

2) c

a) ( shift) cambio m

a swing in public opinion — un cambio or un viraje en la opinión pública

a swing back to traditional values — una vuelta a los valores tradicionales

the swings of the market — ( Fin) las fluctuaciones del mercado

b) ( Pol) viraje m

a swing to the Democrats of 4% — un viraje del 4% en favor de los demócratas

3)

a) u c (rhythm, vitality)

there was a swing in her step — andaba con brío

to be in full swing — estar* en pleno desarrollo

the party was in full swing — la fiesta estaba ya muy animada

exams are in full swing — estamos (or están etc) en plena época de exámenes

to get into the swing of something — agarrarle el ritmo or (Esp) cogerle* el tranquillo a algo

to go with a swing — \<\<business/conference\>\> marchar sobre ruedas; \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

b) u ( Mus) swing m

4) c ( Leisure) columpio m or (RPl) hamaca f

to have a swing — columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*

it's a question of swings and roundabouts — (BrE) lo que se pierde en una cosa se gana en la otra

[swɪŋ] (vb: pt, pp swung)
1. N

1) (=movement) [of needle, pointer, boom] movimiento m ; [of pick, axe] movimiento m (amplio); [of pendulum] oscilación f, movimiento m ; (Boxing, Cricket, Golf) (=technique) swing m

with a quick swing of his axe he felled the young tree — con un amplio y rápido movimiento del hacha taló el arbolito

he was out on the course practising his swing — estaba en el campo de golf practicando su swing

• to take a swing at sb * — (with fist) intentar darle un puñetazo a algn; (with weapon) intentar darle un golpe a algn

the golfer took a swing at the ball — el golfista intentó darle a la pelota

2) (=change) (in opinion) cambio m ; (in vote) desplazamiento m

• a sudden swing in opinion — un cambio repentino de opinión

• they need a swing of 5% to win — necesitan un desplazamiento de los votos de un 5% para ganar

the swings of the market — las fluctuaciones del mercado

• a swing to the left — un viraje or desplazamiento hacia la izquierda

3) (=rhythm) (in dance etc) ritmo m

to walk with a swing (in one's step) — andar rítmicamente

music/poetry with a swing to it or that goes with a swing — música/poesía con ritmo or que tiene ritmo

- go with a swing

- be in full swing

- get into the swing of things

4) (also: swing music) swing m, música f swing

5) (=scope, freedom)

• he was given full swing to make decisions — le dieron carta blanca para que tomara decisiones

he gave his imagination full swing — dio rienda suelta a su imaginación

6) (=garden swing) columpio m

• to have a swing — columpiarse

- it's swings and roundabouts

2. VI

1) (=move to and fro) [hanging object, hammock] balancearse; [pendulum, pointer] oscilar; [person] (on swing, hammock) columpiarse

it swings in the wind — se balancea al viento

he was sitting on the end of the table, his legs swinging — estaba sentado en el borde de la mesa, columpiando las piernas

• her handbag swung back and forth or to and fro as she walked — su bolso se balanceaba (de un lado al otro) al andar

the pendulum swung back and forth or to and fro — el péndulo oscilaba or se movía de un lado para otro

• a revolver swung from his belt — un revólver colgaba de su cinturón

he was swinging from a trapeze — se columpiaba colgado de un trapecio

2) (=pivot) girar

the door swings on its hinges — la puerta gira sobre sus goznes

• he was hit by the car door as it swung back — la puerta del coche le golpeó al volver a cerrarse

• to swing open/ shut — abrirse/cerrarse

• the bar swung round and hit him in the jaw — la barra giró y le dio en la mandíbula

- now the pendulum has swung back the other way

3)

• to swing at sb (with one's fist) — intentar dar un puñetazo a algn

he swung at me with an axe — intentó darme (un golpe) con un hacha

he swung at the ball — intentó dar a la pelota

4) (=turn)

• the car swung into the square — el coche viró or dio un viraje y entró en la plaza

he swung out to overtake — viró or dio un viraje para adelantar
swing round
5) (=jump)

• he swung across the river on a rope — cruzó el río colgado de una cuerda

• I swung down from my bunk — salté de mi litera

• the orang-utang swung from tree to tree — el orangután se columpiaba de árbol en árbol

- swing into action

6) (=move rhythmically)

a group of schoolchildren were swinging along up the road — un grupo de colegiales subían por la calle, andando al compás

as the military band went swinging along up the road... — a medida que la banda militar marchaba siguiendo el compás calle arriba...

music that really swings — música que tiene mucho ritmo

7) * (=be hanged)

he'll swing for it — le colgarán por eso

8) (=change)

• local opinion could swing against the company — la opinión local podría cambiar y ponerse en contra de la empresa

• the balance of power is swinging away from him — la balanza del poder se está inclinando hacia el lado contrario al suyo

• the currency should swing back to its previous level — es de esperar que las divisas vuelvan a su nivel anterior

• to swing to the left/right — dar un viraje hacia la izquierda or derecha

9) (Psych) [mood] cambiar

his mood swings wildly — le cambia el humor de forma descontrolada

10) * (=be lively) [entertainment, party] ambientarse; [place] tener ambiente

the party's beginning to swing — la fiesta está empezando a ambientarse

11) ** (sexually)

everyone seemed to be swinging in those days — en aquellos tiempos parecía que a todo el mundo le iba la marcha **

- swing both ways

3. VT

1) (=move to and fro) [+ bag, arms, legs] columpiar, balancear

• he was swinging his bag back and forth or to and fro — columpiaba or balanceaba la bolsa de un lado al otro

• to swing one's hips — andar contoneándose

- there isn't enough room in here to swing a cat

- swing the lead

2) (=pivot) [+ door]

he swung the door open/closed — abrió/cerró la puerta de un golpe

3) (=move)

a) [+ weapon] blandir

• he swung his sword above his head — blandió la espada por encima de la cabeza

• he swung his axe at the tree — blandió el hacha con intención de darle al árbol

he swung his racket at the ball — intentó darle a la pelota con la raqueta

• he swung his case down from the rack — bajó su maleta de la rejilla portaequipajes con un rápido movimiento del brazo

• Roy swung his legs off the couch — Roy quitó rápidamente las piernas del sofá

• he swung the box up onto the roof of the car — con un amplio movimiento de brazos, puso la caja en el techo del coche

he swung the case up onto his shoulder — se echó la maleta a los hombros

b) (reflexive)

• he swung himself across the stream — cruzó el arroyo de un salto

• to swing o.s. (up) into the saddle — subirse a la silla de montar de un salto

• he swung himself over the wall — saltó la tapia apoyándose en un brazo

4) (=turn)

• he swung the car off the road — viró con el coche y se salió de la carretera

5) (=influence) [+ opinion, decision, vote, voters] decidir; [+ outcome] determinar, decidir

• his speech swung the decision against us — su discurso dio un giro a la decisión desfavorable para nosotros

• the promised tax cuts could swing the vote in our favour — los recortes prometidos en los impuestos podrían hacer cambiar el voto a nuestro favor

• she managed to swing it so that we could all go — consiguió arreglarlo para que todos pudiéramos ir

what swung it for me was... — lo que me decidió fue...

• it could swing the election his way — podría decidir el resultado de las elecciones a su favor

6) (Mus) [+ tune] tocar con swing

4.

CPD

swing band N — (Mus) banda f de música swing

swing bin N — cubo m de la basura (con tapa oscilante)

swing bridge N — puente m giratorio

swing door N — puerta f de batiente, puerta f de vaivén

swing music N — música f swing

swing vote N — (esp US) voto m de los indecisos

swing voter N — (esp US) indeciso(-a) m / f

- swing by

- swing round

- swing to

* * *

I
1. [swɪŋ]
(past & past p swung) intransitive verb

1)

a) (hang, dangle) balancearse; ( on a swing) columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*; \<\<pendulum\>\> oscilar

b) ( convey oneself)

the monkeys swung from tree to tree — los monos saltaban de árbol en árbol colgados or (Col, Méx, Ven) guindados de las ramas (or de las lianas etc)

2)

a) ( move on pivot)

the door swung open/shut o to — la puerta se abrió/se cerró

the door was swinging in the wind — la puerta se mecía con el viento

b) ( turn) girar or doblar ( describiendo una curva)

the ball swung away — la pelota salió desviada

3) (shift, change) \<\<opinion/mood\>\> cambiar, oscilar

his views swing from one extreme to another — sus ideas pasan de un extremo a otro

the country is swinging to the left — el país está virando or dando un viraje hacia la izquierda

4)

a)

to swing into something — \<\<into action/operation\>\>

the emergency plans swung into operation/action — se pusieron en marcha los planes de emergencia

b) ( attempt to hit)

to swing AT somebody/something — intentar pegarle or darle a alguien/algo

5) (be lively, up to date) (colloq) \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

2.

vt

1) ( move to and fro) \<\<arms/legs\>\> balancear; \<\<object on rope\>\> hacer* oscilar

to swing one's hips — contonearse, contonear or menear las caderas

2)

a) ( convey)

he swung himself into the saddle — se montó en la silla de un salto

he swung his suitcase up onto the rack — subío la maleta al portaequipaje de un envión

b) (wave, brandish) \<\<club/hammer\>\> blandir

3)

a) (colloq) ( manage) arreglar

if you want that job, I think I can swing it — si quieres ese puesto, creo que puedo arreglarlo

b) ( shift)

this could swing the vote our way — esto podría inclinar la votación a nuestro favor

he managed to swing public opinion behind him — logró poner a la opinión pública de su lado

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- swing around

II

noun

1)

a) c u ( movement) oscilación f, vaivén m

b) c ( distance) arco que describe un objeto que oscila

c) c (blow, stroke) golpe m; (in golf, boxing) swing m

to take a swing at somebody/something — intentar darle a alguien/algo (con un palo, una raqueta etc)

2) c

a) ( shift) cambio m

a swing in public opinion — un cambio or un viraje en la opinión pública

a swing back to traditional values — una vuelta a los valores tradicionales

the swings of the market — ( Fin) las fluctuaciones del mercado

b) ( Pol) viraje m

a swing to the Democrats of 4% — un viraje del 4% en favor de los demócratas

3)

a) u c (rhythm, vitality)

there was a swing in her step — andaba con brío

to be in full swing — estar* en pleno desarrollo

the party was in full swing — la fiesta estaba ya muy animada

exams are in full swing — estamos (or están etc) en plena época de exámenes

to get into the swing of something — agarrarle el ritmo or (Esp) cogerle* el tranquillo a algo

to go with a swing — \<\<business/conference\>\> marchar sobre ruedas; \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

b) u ( Mus) swing m

4) c ( Leisure) columpio m or (RPl) hamaca f

to have a swing — columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*

it's a question of swings and roundabouts — (BrE) lo que se pierde en una cosa se gana en la otra

English-spanish dictionary > swing
13 head

[hed]
n

1) голова, череп

See:

parts of the head

The water was over his head. — Вода была ему выше головы.

She has a good head for heights. — Она хорошо переносит высоту.

She has no head for heights. — Она не переносит высоту.

His proud, noble head bowed to nothing. — Он ни перед чем не склонял своей гордой, благородной головы.

I want a covering for the head. — Мне надо что-нибудь, чем покрыть голову.

He felt a sharp pain in his head. — Он почувствовал резкую боль в голове.

It cost him his head. — Это стоило ему головы/жизни.

to be/to sit at the head of the table — сидеть во главе стола/сидеть на почетном месте за столом;

Two heads are better than one. — Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.

I cannot make head or tail of it. — Ничего не возможно разобрать/понять.

- shaven head
- majestic head
- bumpy head
- shaking head
- sore head
- grey head
- elegant head
- egg-shaped head
- irregular head
- heavy head
- curly head
- bristling head
- nodding head
- drooping head
- giddy head
- bruised head
- bloody head head
- bleeding head
- hot head
- hooded head
- feathered head
- death's head

- patient's head
- horse's head
- head net
- head phone
- head piece
- sharp pain in the back of one's head
- bandage on the head
- constant buzzing in the head
- blow knock on the head
- nod of the head
- shake of the head
- crown of the head
- sharp pain in smb's head
- head with hair
- head of classical form and beauty
- head from a doll
- head of hair
- good head of hair
- with a heavy head
- with a feeling of dullness in one's head
- with confusion in one's head
- over the heads of others
- from head to foot
- with a bare head
- with an uncovered head
- with a bruise on the head
- aim at smb's head
- balance smth on one's head
- bandage smb's head
- apply a bandage to smb's head
- be taller by a head
- be head over ears in debt
- beat oneself on the head with one's fist
- beat smb's head off
- bend one's head over the book
- bite smb's head off
- hang one's head in confusion
- hang one's head down
- hang one's head on one's chest
- bow one's head in admiration
- bow one's head to the ground
- give one's head for a washing
- brandish a sword over one's head
- bring down a sword over smb's head
- break one's head
- bump one's head against smth
- bump heads together
- bury one's head in one's hands
- bury one's head in the sand
- chuck one's head to avoid the blow
- complain of a throbbing pain in the head
- cover one's head to protect it from the sun
- cradle smb's head in one's breasts
- cross one's hands behind one's head
- cry one's head off
- cut off smb's head
- cut one's head open
- dip one's head into the water
- do smth standing on one's head
- do smth over smb's head
- give orders over smb's head
- give answers over smb's head
- sell a house over smb's head
- draw one's head into one's shoulders
- drop one's head on one's breast
- fall head first
- fall head over heels
- fall on one's head
- feel heavy in the head
- feel one's head
- get a bump on the head
- go about with one's head high in the air
- give one's head for smth, state one's head on smth
- go queer in the head
- have a good head for heights
- have a strong head for drink
- have pain in one's head
- hit one's head on the wall
- hit one's head against smth
- hit smb on the head
- hurt one's head
- hold one's head up
- hold one's head with one's hands
- injure one's head
- keep one's head above ground
- keep jerking one's head
- keep one's head covered
- lay one's head on smb's chest
- lift up one's head
- look smb over from head to foot
- nod one's head
- nod one's head in greeting
- plunge head over heels into the fighting
- pull one's hat down on the head
- pull the blanket over one's head
- put one's head out of the window
- put one's head in a noose
- raise one's head
- rest one's head on the pillow
- scratch one's head
- scream one's head off
- seize one's head in one's hands
- set a price on smb's head
- shake one's head
- shake one's head at smth
- sit with one's head propped on one's hand
- snap smb's head off
- stand on one's head
- stand with bare heads
- stand with one's head down
- stand with averted head
- stand smth on its head
- stick one's head in the door
- stroke smb on the head
- talk smb's head off
- talk one's head off
- throw one's head back
- tip one's head to one side
- toss one's head up
- toss one's head in pride
- toss one's head in dissent
- touch one's head to the ground
- tremble from head to foot
- turn away one's head
- turn one's head towards smb
- walk with one's head high
- wear nothing on one's head
- work one's head off
- wound smb in the head
- head sitting deep between the shoulders
- head covered with a kerchief
2) руководитель, глава, начальник

I must telephone the head office. — Мне надо позвонить в центр.

- executive head
- titular head
- administrative head
- military head
- family head
- union heads
- learned heads
- head teacher
- head gardener
- head nurse
- head surgeon
- head-cook
- head waiter
- head workman
- head electrician
- head office
- head master
- department head
- royal heads of Europe
- head of the delegation
- head of the tribe
- head of the department
- heads of all states
- Head of the Government
- Head of the Army
- head of the expedition
- under a competent head
- be at the head of smth
- put smb at the head of the movement
- be at the head of the whole business
- stand at the head of all nations in matters of art
- be at the head of the epoch
- be at the head of the field
- be at the head of the race
- those at the head of the whole business
3) ум, интеллект, умственные способности; (а.) a clear (bright, logical) head светлый (ясный, логичный) ум

The problem is over/beuond our heads. — Нам эту проблему не понять.

He talked over our heads. — То, что он говорил, не доходило до/было выше нашего понимания.

He is positively/quite out of his head. — Он определенно выжил из ума.

Such an idea never entered my head. — Такая мысль мне никогда не приходила в голову/на ум.

What put that into you head? — С чего вы это взяли?

I can't get that into his head. — Я не могу ему этого растолковать/втолковать.

He made it up out of his own head. — Он все это сам придумал/очинил/выдумал.

(b) a wise head — умница/мудрая голова/умник;

the wiser heads — мудрецы;

a hot head — горячая голова/вспыльчивый человек;

a wooden head — тупица;

a competent head — знающий человек;

to have a good head upon one's shoulders — иметь хорошую голову на плечах/быть умным;

to have an old head on young shoulders — иметь здравый смысл/быть не по годам умудрённым

- steady head
- cool head
- level head
- bother one's head about smth
- be over smb's head
- get a swollen head
- be over the heads of the pupils
- come to smb's head
- do smth off the top of one's head
- do calculations in one's head
- fill one's head with trifles
- give smb his head
- have a good head for figures
- have a head for details
- have no head for names
- have a good head for politics
- keep a level head
- keep one's head
- keep one's head shut
- keep smth in one's head
- keep a cool head in emergencies
- lose one's head
- be of one's head
- be off one's head about smb
- have a good head on one's shoulders
- have an old head on young shoulders
- put smth into smb's head
- put ideas into smb's head
- put two heads together
- puzzle one's head about smth
- show much head for business
- take smth into one's head
- turn smb's head with flattery
- trouble one's head about smth
- use one's head
- write out of one's head
4) скот, голова скота (единица счёта), поголовье скота; 20 heads of deer двадцать голов оленей

How many head of cattle are there on the farm? — Каково поголовье скота на этой ферме?

- fifty head of cattle
- large head of game
- consumption of milk per head of the population
5) верхняя главная часть предмета, верх, верхушка, верхняя часть, головная часть, передняя часть, головка, шляпка

We'll have to knock in the head of the barrel. — Нам придется пробить верх бочки.

heads I win, tails I lose. — Орел - я выигрываю, решка - проигрываю.

Coins often bear the head of a famous ruler. — На монетах нередко высечена голова известного правителя.

- forked head
- wooden head
- tape-recorder head
- pit head
- pointed arrow head
- axe head
- missile head
- pin head
- figure head
- crumpled head
- head tide
- head wind
- head lights
- head stone
- head land
- a head of cabbage

- head division of a parade
- head of the bed
- head of the column
- head of the river
- head of the bay
- the head of a flower

- head of a hammer
- head of a rail
- head of a violin
- head of cane
- head of the stairs
- head of the barrel
- head of barley
- head of a rock
- head of a peer
- mountain head overgrown by shrubbery
- nails with a wide head
- bolts with a square head
- axe with a heavy head
- glass of beer with a good head on it
- car with a folding head
- at the head of a page
- at the head of the list
- stand at the head of the bay
- boil is gathering head
6) раздел, рубрика, параграф, пункт, заголовок

The story has a double head. — У рассказа двойное название.

He arranged his speech under four main heads. — Он разбил свою речь на четыре основных пункта/раздела.

It may be included under this head. — Это может быть включено в этот параграф/раздел.

It comes/it is kept/it is included under the head of "miscellavous". — Это помещено в параграфе "разное".

To hit the nail on the head. — ◊ Попасть в самую точку. /Попасть не в бровь, а в глаз.

Two heads are better than one. — ◊ Ум хорошо, а два лучше. /Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.

To toss heads or tails. — ◊ Бросать жребий.

I cannot make head or tail of it. — ◊ Не могу ничего понять/разобрать.

- heads of chapters
- document arranged under five heads
- under two colums head
- group the facts under three heads
- remark on this head
- speak on this head
- treat the subject under three main heads
•

USAGE:

See arm, n; USAGE (1.).

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > head
14 strike

strike [straɪk]

grève ⇒ 1 (a) raid ⇒ 1 (b) attaque ⇒ 1 (b) escadre ⇒ 1 (c) découverte ⇒ 1 (d) sonnerie ⇒ 1 (e) frapper ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c)-(e), 3 (n), 4 (a) toucher ⇒ 3 (a) atteindre ⇒ 3 (a) heurter ⇒ 3 (b) sonner ⇒ 3 (f), 4 (d) jouer ⇒ 3 (g) conclure ⇒ 3 (h) rendre ⇒ 3 (j) découvrir ⇒ 3 (l) attaquer ⇒ 3 (q), 4 (b) faire grève ⇒ 4 (c)

(pt & pp struck [strʌk], cont striking)

1 noun

(a) Industry grève f;

∎ to go on strike se mettre en ou faire grève;

∎ to be (out) on strike être en grève;

∎ to threaten strike action menacer de faire ou de se mettre en grève;

∎ the Italian air strike la grève des transports aériens en Italie;

∎ railway strike grève f des chemins de fer;

∎ teachers' strike grève f des enseignants;

∎ coal or miners' strike grève f des mineurs;

∎ postal or post office strike grève f des postes;

∎ rent strike grève f des loyers

(b) Military raid m, attaque f; (by bird of prey, snake) attaque f;

∎ to carry out air strikes against or on enemy bases lancer des raids aériens contre des bases ennemies;

∎ retaliatory strike raid m de représailles; (nuclear) deuxième frappe f

(c) Aviation & Military (planes) escadre f (d'avions participant à un raid)

(d) Petroleum industry & Mining (discovery) découverte f;

∎ a gold strike la découverte d'un gisement d'or;

∎ the recent oil strikes in the North Sea la découverte récente de gisements de pétrole en mer du Nord;

∎ it was a lucky strike c'était un coup de chance

(e) (of clock → chime, mechanism) sonnerie f;

∎ life was regulated by the strike of the church clock la vie était rythmée par la cloche de l'église

(f) (act or instance of hitting) coup m; (sound) bruit m;

∎ the strike of iron on iron le bruit du fer qui frappe le fer;

∎ he adjusted the strike of the keys on the platen roll il a réglé la frappe des caractères contre le cylindre

(g) (in baseball) strike m; American figurative (black mark) mauvais point m;

∎ figurative he has two strikes against him il est mal parti;

∎ figurative being too young was another strike against her le fait d'être trop jeune constituait un handicap supplémentaire pour elle

(h) (in bowling) honneur m double;

∎ to get or to score a strike réussir un honneur double

(i) Fishing (by fisherman) ferrage m; (by fish) touche f

(j) archaic

∎ at the strike of day à la pointe ou au point du jour

2 compound-forming noun

(a) (committee, movement) de grève

(b) Military (mission) d'intervention, d'attaque; (aircraft) d'assaut

3 transitive verb

(a) (hit → gen) frapper; (→ of bullet, torpedo, bomb) toucher, atteindre;

∎ she raised her hand to strike him elle leva la main pour le frapper;

∎ he struck me with his fist il m'a donné un coup de poing;

∎ the chairman struck the table with his gavel le président donna un coup de marteau sur la table;

∎ she took the vase and struck him on or over the head elle saisit le vase et lui donna un coup sur la tête;

∎ she struck him across the face elle lui a donné une gifle;

∎ a light breeze struck the sails une légère brise gonfla les voiles;

∎ the phenomenon occurs when warm air strikes cold ce phénomène se produit lorsque de l'air chaud entre en contact avec de l'air froid;

∎ a wave struck the side of the boat une vague a heurté le côté du bateau;

∎ the arrow struck the target la flèche a atteint la cible;

∎ a hail of bullets struck the car la voiture a été mitraillée;

∎ he was struck by a piece of shrapnel il a été touché par ou il a reçu un éclat de grenade;

∎ to be struck by lightning être frappé par la foudre, être foudroyé;

∎ he went for them striking blows left and right il s'est jeté sur eux, distribuant les coups de tous côtés;

∎ who struck the first blow? qui a porté le premier coup?, qui a frappé le premier?;

∎ he struck the tree a mighty blow with the axe il a donné un grand coup de hache dans l'arbre;

∎ the trailer struck the post a glancing blow la remorque a percuté le poteau en passant;

∎ figurative to strike a blow for democracy/women's rights (law, event) faire progresser la démocratie/les droits de la femme; (person, group) marquer des points en faveur de la démocratie/des droits des femmes

(b) (bump into, collide with) heurter, cogner;

∎ his foot struck the bar on his first jump son pied a heurté la barre lors de son premier saut;

∎ she fell and struck her head on or against the kerb elle s'est cogné la tête contre le bord du trottoir en tombant;

∎ the Volvo struck the bus head on la Volvo a heurté le bus de plein fouet;

∎ Nautical we've struck ground! nous avons touché (le fond)!

(c) (afflict → of drought, disease, worry, regret) frapper; (→ of storm, hurricane, disaster, wave of violence) s'abattre sur, frapper;

∎ an earthquake struck the city un tremblement de terre a frappé la ville;

∎ he was struck by a heart attack il a eu une crise cardiaque;

∎ the pain struck her as she tried to get up la douleur l'a saisie au moment où elle essayait de se lever;

∎ I was struck by or with doubts j'ai été pris de doute, le doute s'est emparé de moi

(d) (occur to) frapper;

∎ only later did it strike me as unusual ce n'est que plus tard que j'ai trouvé ça ou que cela m'a paru bizarre;

∎ it suddenly struck him how little had changed il a soudain pris conscience du fait que peu de choses avaient changé;

∎ did it never strike you that you weren't wanted there? ne vous est-il jamais venu à l'esprit que vous étiez de trop?;

∎ a terrible thought struck her une idée affreuse lui vint à l'esprit;

∎ it strikes me as useless/as the perfect gift ça me semble ou paraît inutile/être le cadeau idéal;

∎ he strikes me as (being) sincere il me paraît sincère;

∎ it doesn't strike me as being the best course of action il ne me semble pas que ce soit la meilleure voie à suivre

(e) (impress) frapper, impressionner;

∎ the first thing that struck me was his pallor la première chose qui m'a frappé, c'était sa pâleur;

∎ what strikes you is the silence ce qui (vous) frappe, c'est le silence;

∎ how did she strike you? quelle impression vous a-t-elle faite?, quel effet vous a-t-elle fait?;

∎ how did Tokyo/the film strike you? comment avez-vous trouvé Tokyo/le film?;

∎ we can eat here and meet them later, how does that strike you? on peut manger ici et les retrouver plus tard, qu'en penses-tu?;

∎ I was very struck British with or American by the flat l'appartement m'a plu énormément;

∎ I wasn't very struck British with or American by his colleague son collègue ne m'a pas fait une grande impression

(f) (chime) sonner;

∎ the church clock struck five l'horloge de l'église a sonné cinq heures;

∎ it was striking midnight as we left minuit sonnait quand nous partîmes

(g) (play → note, chord) jouer;

∎ she struck a few notes on the piano elle a joué quelques notes sur le piano;

∎ when he struck the opening chords the audience applauded quand il a joué ou plaqué les premiers accords le public a applaudi;

∎ to strike a false note Music faire une fausse note; figurative (speech) sonner faux;

∎ his presence/his words struck a gloomy note sa présence a/ses paroles ont mis une note de tristesse;

∎ the report strikes an optimistic note/a note of warning for the future le rapport est très optimiste/très alarmant pour l'avenir;

∎ does it strike a chord? est-ce que cela te rappelle ou dit quelque chose?;

∎ to strike a chord with the audience faire vibrer la foule;

∎ her description of company life will strike a chord with many managers beaucoup de cadres se reconnaîtront dans sa description de la vie en entreprise

(h) (arrive at, reach → deal, treaty, agreement) conclure;

∎ to strike a bargain conclure un marché;

∎ I'll strike a bargain with you je te propose un marché;

∎ it's not easy to strike a balance between too much and too little freedom il n'est pas facile de trouver un équilibre ou de trouver le juste milieu entre trop et pas assez de liberté

(i) (cause a feeling of)

∎ to strike fear or terror into sb remplir qn d'effroi

(j) (cause to become) rendre;

∎ to strike sb blind/dumb rendre qn aveugle/muet;

∎ the news struck us speechless with horror nous sommes restés muets d'horreur en apprenant la nouvelle;

∎ I was struck dumb by the sheer cheek of the man! je suis resté muet devant le culot de cet homme!;

∎ a stray bullet struck him dead il a été tué par une balle perdue;

∎ she was struck dead by a heart attack elle a été foudroyée par une crise cardiaque;

∎ God strike me dead if I lie! je jure que c'est la vérité!

(k) (ignite → match) frotter, allumer; (→ sparks) faire jaillir;

∎ he struck a match or a light il a frotté une allumette;

∎ British familiar old-fashioned strike a light! nom de Dieu!

(l) (discover → gold) découvrir; (→ oil, water) trouver; (path) tomber sur, découvrir;

∎ familiar British to strike it lucky, American to strike it rich (make material gain) trouver le filon; (be lucky) avoir de la veine

(m) (adopt → attitude) adopter;

∎ he struck an attitude of wounded righteousness il a pris un air de dignité offensée

(n) (mint → coin, medal) frapper

(o) (take down → tent) démonter; Nautical (→ sail) amener, baisser;

∎ to strike camp lever le camp;

∎ Nautical to strike the flag or the colours amener les couleurs;

∎ Theatre to strike the set démonter le décor

(p) (delete → name, remark, person) rayer; (→ from professional register) radier;

∎ that remark must be struck or American stricken from the record cette remarque doit être retirée du procès-verbal

(q) (attack) attaquer

(r) American (go on strike at)

∎ the union is striking four of the company's plants le syndicat a déclenché des grèves dans quatre des usines de la société;

∎ students are striking their classes les étudiants font la grève des cours;

∎ the dockers are striking ships carrying industrial waste les dockers refusent de s'occuper des cargos chargés de déchets industriels

(s) Botany

∎ to strike roots prendre racine;

∎ the tree had struck deep roots into the ground l'arbre avait des racines très profondes

4 intransitive verb

(a) (hit) frapper;

∎ she struck at me with her umbrella elle essaya de me frapper avec son parapluie;

∎ to strike home (blow) porter; (missile, remark) faire mouche;

∎ familiar to strike lucky avoir de la veine;

∎ proverb strike while the iron is hot il faut battre le fer pendant qu'il est chaud

(b) (attack → gen) attaquer; (→ snake) mordre; (→ wild animal) sauter ou bondir sur sa proie; (→ bird of prey) fondre ou s'abattre sur sa proie;

∎ the bombers struck at dawn les bombardiers attaquèrent à l'aube;

∎ the murderer has struck again l'assassin a encore frappé;

∎ these are measures which strike at the root/heart of the problem voici des mesures qui attaquent le problème à la racine/qui s'attaquent au cœur du problème;

∎ this latest incident strikes right at the heart of government policy ce dernier incident remet complètement en cause la politique gouvernementale

(c) Industry faire grève;

∎ they're striking for more pay ils font grève pour obtenir une augmentation de salaire;

∎ the nurses struck over the minister's decision to freeze wages les infirmières ont fait grève suite à la décision du ministre de bloquer les salaires

(d) (chime) sonner;

∎ midnight had already struck minuit avait déjà sonné

(e) (happen suddenly → illness, disaster, earthquake) survenir, se produire, arriver;

∎ we were travelling quietly along when disaster struck nous roulions tranquillement lorsque la catastrophe s'est produite;

∎ the first tremors struck at 3 a.m. les premières secousses sont survenues à 3 heures du matin

(f) (travel, head)

∎ to strike across country prendre à travers champs;

∎ they then struck west ils sont ensuite partis vers l'ouest

(g) Sport (score) marquer

(h) Fishing (fisherman) ferrer; (fish) mordre (à l'hameçon)

(i) (of cutting) prendre (racine)

►► strike ballot = vote avant que les syndicats ne décident d'une grève;

Insurance strike clause clause f pour cas de grève;

strike force (nuclear capacity) force f de frappe; (of police, soldiers → squad) détachement m ou brigade f d'intervention; (→ larger force) force f d'intervention;

strike fund = caisse de prévoyance permettant d'aider les grévistes;

strike pay salaire m de gréviste (versé par le syndicat ou par un fonds de solidarité);

Finance strike price (for share) prix m d'exercice

➲ strike back intransitive verb

(a) (retaliate) se venger; Military contre-attaquer;

∎ the government struck back at its critics le gouvernement a répondu à ceux qui le critiquaient

(b) Sport (score in response) marquer à son tour

➲ strike down separable transitive verb

foudroyer, terrasser;

∎ figurative struck down by disease terrassé par la maladie

➲ strike off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (delete, remove → from list) rayer, barrer; (→ from professional register) radier;

∎ to be struck off (doctor, solicitor) être radié

(b) (sever) couper

(c) Typography tirer

2 intransitive verb

∎ (go) to strike off to the left prendre à gauche;

∎ we struck off into the forest nous sommes entrés ou avons pénétré dans la forêt

➲ strike on inseparable transitive verb

British (solution, right answer) trouver (par hasard), tomber sur; (plan) trouver; (idea) avoir

➲ strike out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (cross out) rayer, barrer

(b) (in baseball) éliminer

2 intransitive verb

(a) (set up on one's own) s'établir à son compte

(b) (go)

∎ she struck out across the fields elle prit à travers champs;

∎ figurative they decided to strike out into a new direction ils ont décidé de prendre une nouvelle direction

(c) (swim)

∎ we struck out for the shore nous avons commencé à nager en direction de la côte

(d) (aim a blow) frapper;

∎ she struck out at him elle essaya de le frapper; figurative elle s'en est prise à lui;

∎ they struck out in all directions with their truncheons ils distribuaient des coups de matraque à droite et à gauche

(e) (in baseball) être éliminé

➲ strike through separable transitive verb

British (cross out) rayer, barrer

➲ strike up

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (start)

∎ to strike up a conversation with sb engager la conversation avec qn;

∎ they immediately struck up a conversation ils sont immédiatement entrés en conversation;

∎ to strike up an acquaintance/a friendship with sb lier connaissance/se lier d'amitié avec qn

(b) Music (start playing) commencer à jouer;

∎ the band struck up the national anthem l'orchestre commença à jouer l'hymne national ou entonna les premières mesures de l'hymne national

2 intransitive verb

(musician, orchestra) commencer à jouer; (music) commencer

➲ strike upon British = strike on

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > strike
15 IDeA

[aɪ'dɪə]
nome

1) (thought) idea f.

he came up with o hit on the idea of doing gli venne l'idea di fare; it's a good idea to take a raincoat è una buona idea quella di portarsi l'impermeabile; don't start getting ideas! non iniziare a farti delle idee! you can get o put that idea out of your head! puoi togliertelo dalla testa! what are your ideas on this portrayal? — che cosa ne pensi di questo ritratto?

2) (notion) concetto m., idea f.

he's got strange ideas about education — ha uno strano concetto di istruzione

if that's your idea of good work... — se questo tu lo chiami un buon lavoro

3) (impression) impressione f.

to give sb. the idea that — dare a qcn. l'impressione o l'idea che

whatever gave you that idea! — cosa ti ha fatto venire in mente una simile idea?

4) (knowledge) idea f.

I have no idea — non ne ho idea

to have no idea why, how — non avere idea del perché, di come

he hadn't the slightest idea who I was — non aveva la più pallida idea di chi fossi

to have no idea of o about non avere alcuna idea di [price, time]; you've no idea how pleased I was! — non hai idea di quanto fossi contento!

5) (theory) idea f.

I've an idea that he might be lying — ho idea che stia mentendo

I've got a pretty good idea who stole it — penso di sapere chi l'abbia rubato

6) (aim) scopo m.

what's the idea behind the offer? — cosa c'è dietro a questa offerta?

7) (gist)

do you get the idea? — capisci? afferri il concetto?

that's the idea! — questo è il succo!

••

the very idea! — neanche per sogno!

what's the big idea? — colloq. che cosa ti salta in mente?

* * *

noun

1) (opinion; belief: I have an idea that it won't work.) idea

2) (a plan: I've an idea for solving this problem.) idea

3) (mental picture: This will give you an idea of what I mean.) idea

* * *
IDeA
sigla

(GB, Improvement and Development Agency /for local government/) Agenzia per il risanamento e lo sviluppo (per le amministrazioni locali) ( ente di supporto alla Local Government Association).

* * *
[aɪ'dɪə]
nome

1) (thought) idea f.

he came up with o hit on the idea of doing gli venne l'idea di fare; it's a good idea to take a raincoat è una buona idea quella di portarsi l'impermeabile; don't start getting ideas! non iniziare a farti delle idee! you can get o put that idea out of your head! puoi togliertelo dalla testa! what are your ideas on this portrayal? — che cosa ne pensi di questo ritratto?

2) (notion) concetto m., idea f.

he's got strange ideas about education — ha uno strano concetto di istruzione

if that's your idea of good work... — se questo tu lo chiami un buon lavoro

3) (impression) impressione f.

to give sb. the idea that — dare a qcn. l'impressione o l'idea che

whatever gave you that idea! — cosa ti ha fatto venire in mente una simile idea?

4) (knowledge) idea f.

I have no idea — non ne ho idea

to have no idea why, how — non avere idea del perché, di come

he hadn't the slightest idea who I was — non aveva la più pallida idea di chi fossi

to have no idea of o about non avere alcuna idea di [price, time]; you've no idea how pleased I was! — non hai idea di quanto fossi contento!

5) (theory) idea f.

I've an idea that he might be lying — ho idea che stia mentendo

I've got a pretty good idea who stole it — penso di sapere chi l'abbia rubato

6) (aim) scopo m.

what's the idea behind the offer? — cosa c'è dietro a questa offerta?

7) (gist)

do you get the idea? — capisci? afferri il concetto?

that's the idea! — questo è il succo!

••

the very idea! — neanche per sogno!

what's the big idea? — colloq. che cosa ti salta in mente?

English-Italian dictionary > IDeA
16 target

1. noun
1) (lit. or fig.) Ziel, das

hit/miss the/one's/its target — [das Ziel] treffen/das Ziel verfehlen

set oneself a target — (fig.) sich (Dat.) ein Ziel setzen od. stecken

set oneself a target of £5,000 — sich (Dat.) 5 000 Pfund zum Ziel setzen

set somebody a target of six months — jemandem eine Frist von sechs Monaten setzen

reach one's target — (fig.) sein Ziel erreichen

be on/off or not on target — [Geschoss, Schuss:] treffen/danebengehen

be on target — (fig.) [Sparer, Sammler:] auf dem Wege dahin sein[, sein Ziel zu erreichen]

be on target for something — (lit. or fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) zusteuern

be above/below target — (fig.) das Ziel über-/unterschritten haben

2) (Sport) Zielscheibe, die
2. transitive verb
1) (Mil.) angreifen

2) (fig.) zielen auf [Käufergruppe]

be targeted on something — auf etwas (Akk.) gerichtet sein

be targeted on or at something — (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) abzielen

* * *

noun

1) (a marked board or other object aimed at in shooting practice, competitions etc with a rifle, bow and arrow etc: His shots hit the target every time.) die Zielscheibe

2) (any object at which shots, bombs etc are directed: Their target was the royal palace.) das Ziel

3) (a person, thing etc against which unfriendly comment or behaviour is directed: the target of criticism.) die Zielscheibe

* * *

tar·get

[ˈtɑ:gɪt, AM ˈtɑ:r-]

I. n

1. MIL (mark aimed at) Ziel nt

▪ to be on/off \target bullet, shot das Ziel treffen/verfehlen; radar ein Ziel erfasst/nicht erfasst haben

to acquire a \target radar ein Ziel erfassen

to aim at a \target ein Ziel anstreben; soldier ein Ziel anvisieren

2. ( fig) Ziel nt

▪ to be on \target auf [Ziel]kurs liegen; analysis, description zutreffen; decision [genau] richtig sein

the amount of spare parts we ordered was on \target die Zahl der von uns bestellten Ersatzteile war genau richtig

to be/become a \target for criticism/mockery eine Zielscheibe der Kritik/des Spotts sein/werden

to hit the \target ins Schwarze treffen fig

3. ECON ( also fig: goal) Zielvorgabe f, Zielsetzung f, [Plan]ziel nt, Soll nt

▪ to be on \target im Zeitplan liegen

sales \target Verkaufsziel nt

long-term/short-term \target langfristiges/kurzfristiges Ziel

to fix a \target ein Planziel festlegen

to meet [or reach] a \target ein [Plan]ziel erreichen [o Soll erfüllen]

to miss a \target ein Ziel verfehlen [o Planziel nicht einhalten]

to overshoot a \target über ein Ziel hinausschießen fig

to set oneself a \target sich dat ein Ziel setzen

II. vt

< BRIT - tt- or AM usu -t->

(address, direct)

▪ to \target sb/sth consumers, group of buyers auf jdn/etw [ab]zielen, sich akk an jdn richten

to \target a weapon at [or on] sb/sth ( also fig) eine Waffe auf jdn/etw richten

III. n modifier (group, velocity) Ziel-

\target location MIL Zielortung f

\target range Zielentfernung f

\target tracking Zielverfolgung f

\target figures COMM Sollzahlen pl

* * *
['tAːgɪt]
1. n

1) (= person, object MIL) Ziel nt; (SPORT = board) Ziel- or Schießscheibe f; (fig, of joke, criticism etc) Zielscheibe f

he was a target for racial abuse — er war Zielscheibe rassistischer Pöbeleien

she was the target of a violent attack — sie war das Ziel eines brutalen Angriffs or Überfalls

his shot was off/on target (Mil) — sein Schuss ist danebengegangen/hat getroffen; (Ftbl etc) sein Schuss war ungenau/sehr genau

the bombs were on/off target — die Bomben haben getroffen/sind daneben niedergegangen

Apollo III is on target for the moon — Apollo III ist auf direktem Kurs zum Mond

they were at least 12 km off target — sie hatten das Ziel um mindestens 12 km verfehlt

2) (= objective, goal) Ziel nt; (in production) (Plan)soll nt

production target — Produktionssoll nt no pl

production is above/on/below target — das Produktionssoll ist überschritten/erfüllt/nicht erfüllt

the government met its target for reducing unemployment — die Regierung hat mit der Abnahme der Arbeitslosigkeit ihren Plan erfüllt

he set a target for spending — er setzte eine Höchstgrenze für die Ausgaben fest

we set ourselves the target of £10,000 — wir haben uns £ 10.000 zum Ziel gesetzt

to be on target — auf Kurs sein

the project is on target for completion — das Projekt ist auf dem besten Weg, planmäßig fertig zu werden

we're on target for £10,000 — alles läuft nach Plan, um auf £ 10.000 zu kommen

to stay on target — den Kurs halten

to be behind target — hinter dem Soll zurückliegen

2. vt
sich (dat) zum Ziel setzen; group, audience als Zielgruppe haben, abzielen auf (+acc); area, resources abzielen auf (+acc)
to target 500 tons per day — 500 Tonnen pro Tag anspielen

* * *

target [ˈtɑː(r)ɡıt]

A s

1. (Schieß-, Ziel)Scheibe f

2. Trefferzahl f

3. MIL Ziel n:

be off target

a) danebengehen (Schuss etc, SPORT a. Wurf),

b) fig danebenhauen;

be on target

a) treffen (Schuss etc),

b) SPORT aufs Tor gehen (Schuss, Wurf),

c) fig auf dem richtigen Weg sein

4. fig Zielscheibe f (des Spottes etc)

5. fig (Leistungs-, Produktions- etc) Ziel n, (-)Soll n:

set o.s. a ( oder the) target of doing sth (es) sich zum Ziel setzen, etwas zu tun

6. BAHN Weichensignal n

7. Landvermessung, Radar: Ziel n, Messobjekt n

8. ELEK

a) Fangelektrode f

b) Target n, Antikathode f (von Röntgenröhren)

c) Fotokathode f (einer Aufnahmeröhre)

9. Kernphysik:

a) Target n, Auffänger m

b) Zielkern m

10. besonders Heraldik: runder Schild

B v/t

1. fig anvisieren, ins Auge fassen, planen

2. fig sich einschießen auf (akk)

C adj Ziel…:

target area MIL Zielbereich m;

target blip (Radar) Zielzeichen n;

target bombing gezielter Bombenwurf;

target date Stichtag m, Termin m;

target electrode → A 8 a;

target figures Sollzahlen;

target group (Werbung etc) Zielgruppe f;

target language LING Zielsprache f;

target man (Fußball) kopfballstarker Mittelstürmer (auf den hohe Flanken geschlagen werden);

target pickup MIL Zielerfassung f;

target pistol Übungspistole f;

target practice Scheiben-, Übungsschießen n;

target-seeking MIL Ziel suchend (Rakete etc);

target ship Zielschiff n

* * *
1. noun
1) (lit. or fig.) Ziel, das

hit/miss the/one's/its target — [das Ziel] treffen/das Ziel verfehlen

set oneself a target — (fig.) sich (Dat.) ein Ziel setzen od. stecken

set oneself a target of £5,000 — sich (Dat.) 5 000 Pfund zum Ziel setzen

set somebody a target of six months — jemandem eine Frist von sechs Monaten setzen

reach one's target — (fig.) sein Ziel erreichen

be on/off or not on target — [Geschoss, Schuss:] treffen/danebengehen

be on target — (fig.) [Sparer, Sammler:] auf dem Wege dahin sein[, sein Ziel zu erreichen]

be on target for something — (lit. or fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) zusteuern

be above/below target — (fig.) das Ziel über-/unterschritten haben

2) (Sport) Zielscheibe, die
2. transitive verb
1) (Mil.) angreifen

2) (fig.) zielen auf [Käufergruppe]

be targeted on something — auf etwas (Akk.) gerichtet sein

be targeted on or at something — (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) abzielen

* * *

n.

Planziel -e n.

Ziel -e n.

Zielbereich (Mathematik) m. v.

genau zielen oder abzielen ausdr.

English-german dictionary > target
17 back

bæk
1. noun
1) (in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine: She lay on her back.) espalda

2) (in animals, the upper part of the body: She put the saddle on the horse's back.) lomo

3) (that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front: the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall.) parte trasera, fondo

4) (in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards.) defensa

2. adjective
(of or at the back: the back door.) de detrás, trasero

3. adverb
1) (to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came: I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner.) de vuelta

2) (away (from something); not near (something): Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you!) hacia atrás, para atrás

3) (towards the back (of something): Sit back in your chair.) hacia atrás, para atrás

4) (in return; in response to: When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back.) de vuelta

5) (to, or in, the past: Think back to your childhood.) atrás

4. verb
1) (to (cause to) move backwards: He backed (his car) out of the garage.) dar marcha atrás, mover hacia atrás

2) (to help or support: Will you back me against the others?) apoyar

3) (to bet or gamble on: I backed your horse to win.) apostar a

•

- backer
- backbite
- backbiting
- backbone
- backbreaking
- backdate
- backfire
- background
- backhand
5. adverb
(using backhand: She played the stroke backhand; She writes backhand.) del revés; con el dorso de la mano

- backlog
- back-number
- backpack
- backpacking: go backpacking
- backpacker
- backside
- backslash
- backstroke
- backup
- backwash
- backwater
- backyard
- back down
- back of
- back on to
- back out
- back up
- have one's back to the wall
- put someone's back up
- take a back seat

back¹ adj trasero / de atrás

the back garden el jardín de atrás

the back seat of the bus el asiento trasero del autobús

back² adv

1. atrás / hacia atrás

stand back! ¡atrás! / ¡apártate!

stand back from the edge apártate del precipicio

2. de vuelta

David's back David está de vuelta

on the way back home en el camino de vuelta a casa

platform shoes are back vuelven los zapatos de plataforma

3. hace

that was years back! ¡eso fue hace años!

we met back in 1983 nos conocimos en 1983 back también combina con muchos verbos. Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos

to come back volver

to go back volver

to give back devolver

to put back devolver a su sitio

back³ n

1. espalda

lie on your back échate de espaldas / échate boca arriba

2. dorso / revés

write your name on the back escribe tu nombre al dorso

3. parte de atrás / fondo

can you hear me at the back? ¿me escucháis al fondo?

there is an index at the back of the book hay un índice al final del libro

back to front al revés

your T shirt's back to front llevas la camiseta al revés

behind someone's back a las espaldas de alguien

you shouldn't talk about people behind their backs no deberías hablar de la gente a sus espaldas

to turn your back on someone volverle la espalda a alguien

back⁴ vb

1. apoyar / respaldar

the government backed the scheme el gobierno apoyó el proyecto

I'll back you up te respaldaré

2. dar marcha atrás

he backed the car into the garage metió el coche en el garaje de culo / metió el coche en el garaje dando marcha atrás

back

tr[bæk]

noun

1 (of person) espalda

2 (of animal, book) lomo

3 (of chair) respaldo

4 (of hand) dorso

5 (of knife, sword) canto

6 (of coin, medal) reverso

7 (of cheque) dorso

8 (of stage, room, cupboard) fondo

9 (sport - player) defensa nombre masulino o femenino; (- position) defensa

adjective

1 trasero,-a, de atrás

adverb

1 (at the rear) atrás; (towards the rear) hacia atrás; (time) hace

■ several years back hace varios años

transitive verb

1 (support) apoyar, respaldar

2 (finance) financiar

3 (bet on) apostar por

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

back to back espalda con espalda

back to front al revés

to answer back replicar

to be back estar de vuelta

to be glad to see the back of somebody estar contento de haberse quitado a alguien de encima

to break one's back deslomarse

to carry on one's back llevar a cuestas

to fall on one's back caerse de espaldas

to have somebody on one's back tener a alguien encima

to come back / go back volver

to get somebody's back up mosquear a alguien

to get off somebody's back dejar de fastidiar a alguien

to hit back devolver el golpe 2 figurative use contestar a una acusación

to have one's back to the wall figurative use estar entre la espada y la pared

to lie on one's back estar acostado,-a boca arriba

to give back devolver

to put back volver a guardar en su sitio

to put one's back into something arrimar el hombro

to phone back volver a llamar

to stand back apartarse

to turn one's back on somebody volver la espalda a alguien

back copy número retrasado

back door puerta trasera

back number número atrasado

back pay atrasos nombre masculino plural

back row última fila

back seat asiento de atrás

back street callejuela

back wheel rueda trasera

short back and sides corte nombre masculino de pelo casi al rape

back ['bæk] vt

1) or to back up support: apoyar, respaldar

2) or to back up reverse: darle marcha atrás a (un vehículo)

3) : estar detrás de, formar el fondo de

trees back the garden: unos árboles están detrás del jardín

back vi

1) or to back up : retroceder

2)

to back away : echarse atrás

3)

to back downor to back out : volverse atrás, echarse para atrás

back adv

1) : atrás, hacia atrás, detrás

to move back: moverse atrás

back and forth: de acá para allá

2) ago: atrás, antes, ya

some years back: unos años atrás, ya unos años

10 months back: hace diez meses

3) : de vuelta, de regreso

we're back: estamos de vuelta

she ran back: volvió corriendo

to call back: llamar de nuevo

back adj

1) rear: de atrás, posterior, trasero

2) overdue: atrasado

3)

back pay : atrasos mpl

back n

1) : espalda f (de un ser humano), lomo m (de un animal)

2) : respaldo m (de una silla), espalda f (de ropa)

3) reverse: reverso m, dorso m, revés m

4) rear: fondo m, parte f de atrás

5) : defensa mf (en deportes)

back

adj.

• posterior adj.

• trasero, -a adj.

adv.

• atrás adv.

• detrás adv.

• redro adv.

n.

• atrás s.m.

• costilla s.f.

• dorso s.m.

• envés s.m.

• espalda s.f.

• espaldar s.m.

• fondo s.m.

• lomo s.m.

• respaldo s.m.

• reverso s.m.

• revés s.m.

• trasera s.f.

v.

• apadrinar v.

• mover hacia atrás v.

• respaldar v.

bæk
I

noun

1) c ( Anat) ( of human) espalda f; ( of animal) lomo m

he was lying on his back — estaba tumbado boca arriba

he had his back to the door — estaba de espaldas a la puerta

to break one's back working — deslomarse trabajando

I was glad to see the back of him — me alegré de que se fuera

behind somebody's back: they laugh at him behind his back se ríen de él a sus espaldas; to be on somebody's back (colloq) estarle* encima a alguien; get off my back! déjame en paz (fam); to break the back of something hacer* la parte más difícil/la mayor parte de algo; to get o put somebody's back up (colloq) irritar a alguien; to put one's back into something poner* empeño en algo; to turn one's back on somebody — volverle* la espalda a alguien; scratch II d)

2) c

a) ( of chair) respaldo m; (of dress, jacket) espalda f; (of electrical appliance, watch) tapa f

b) (reverse side - of envelope, photo) dorso m, revés m; (- of head) parte f posterior or de atrás; (- of hand) dorso m

read the instructions on the back — lea las instrucciones al dorso

c)

back to front: your sweater is on back to front — te has puesto el suéter al revés; hand I 2)

3) c u ( rear part)

the back of the hall — el fondo de la sala

the back of the house — la parte de atrás de la casa

at the back of the drawer — en el fondo del cajón

we sat at the back — nos sentamos al fondo

I'll sit in the back — ( of car) yo me siento detrás or (en el asiento de) atrás

there's a yard at the back — hay un patio atrás

we stood at the back of the line — nos pusimos al final de la cola

(in) back of the sofa — (AmE) detrás del sofá

he's out back in the yard — (AmE) está en el patio, al fondo

in the back of beyond — donde el diablo perdió el poncho (AmL fam), en el quinto pino (Esp fam)

4) c ( Sport) defensa mf, zaguero, -ra m,f

II

adjective (before n, no comp)

1) ( at rear) trasero, de atrás

the back row — la última fila

2) ( of an earlier date)

back number o issue — número m atrasado

back pay — atrasos mpl

III

adverb

1) (indicating return, repetition)

we can get there and back in an hour — podemos ir y volver en una hora

the journey back — el viaje de vuelta

I'll be back tomorrow — volveré mañana

he's back from Paris — ha vuelto de París

it's back to work on Monday — el lunes hay que volver al trabajo

the Democrats are back in power — los demócratas han vuelto al poder

long hair is back (in fashion) — vuelve (a estar de moda) el pelo largo

meanwhile, back at the house... — mientras tanto, en la casa...

to run/fly back — volver* corriendo/en avión

I'll drive you back — te llevo de vuelta en coche

we arrived back in York at six — regresamos a York a las seis

she came back out — volvió a salir

he asked for the ring back — pidió que le devolviera el anillo

he invited me back for coffee — me invitó a su casa a tomar un café

they had us back the following week — nos devolvieron la invitación la semana siguiente; see also go, take back

2) (in reply, reprisal)

he slapped her and she slapped him back — él la abofeteó y ella le devolvió la bofetada

3)

a) ( backward)

take two steps back — da dos pasos atrás

to travel back in time — viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo

b) ( toward the rear) atrás

we can't hear you back here — aquí atrás no te oímos; see also hold, keep back

4) (in, into the past)

back in 1972 — (ya) en 1972

a few years back — hace unos años

as far back as last June — ya en junio

5)

back and forth — = backward(s) and forward(s): see backward II d)

IV
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<person/decision\>\> respaldar, apoyar

b) ( bet money on) \<\<horse/winner\>\> apostar* por

2) ( reverse)

he backed the car out of the garage — sacó el coche del garaje dando marcha atrás or (Col, Méx) en reversa

3) ( lie behind)

a house backed by open fields — una casa cuyo fondo da a campo abierto

4) ( Mus) acompañar

2.

vi \<\<vehicle/driver\>\> dar* marcha atrás, echar or meter reversa (Col, Méx)

he backed into a lamppost — se dio contra una farola al dar marcha atrás or al meter reversa

Phrasal Verbs:

- back away

- back down

- back off

- back on to

- back out

- back up

[bæk] When back is an element in a phrasal verb, eg come back, go back, put back, look up the verb.
1. NOUN

1) (=part of body)

a) [of person] espalda f; [of animal] lomo m

• I've got a bad back — tengo la espalda mal, tengo un problema de espalda

• to shoot sb in the back — disparar a algn por la espalda

• he was lying on his back — estaba tumbado boca arriba

to carry sth/sb on one's back — llevar algo/a algn a la espalda

• to have one's back to sth/sb — estar de espaldas a algo/algn

with his back to the light — de espaldas a la luz

sitting back to back — sentados espalda con espalda

b)

- behind sb's back

they laughed at her behind her back — se rieron de ella a sus espaldas

she has been seeing David behind my back — ha estado viendo a David a mis espaldas

- break the back of sth

- get off sb's back

- get sb's back up

- live off the back of sb

- be on sb's back

my boss is always on my back — mi jefe siempre está encima mío

- on the back of sth

shares rose on the back of two major new deals — las acciones subieron a consecuencia de dos nuevos e importantes tratos

- put one's back into sth

- put one's back into doing sth

- put sb's back up

to see the back of sb —

I was glad to see the back of him — me alegró deshacerme de él

- the moment or as soon as your back is turned...

- have one's back to the wall
flat I, 1., 1), stab 1., 1)
2) (=reverse side) [of cheque, envelope] dorso m, revés m; [of hand] dorso m; [of head] parte f de atrás, parte f posterior more frm; [of dress] espalda f; [of medal] reverso m

write your name on the back — escriba su nombre en el reverso

the back of the neck — la nuca

to know sth like the back of one's hand —

I know Naples like the back of my hand — conozco Nápoles como la palma de la mano

3) (=rear) [of room, hall] fondo m; [of chair] respaldo m; [of car] parte f trasera, parte f de atrás; [of book] (=back cover) tapa f posterior; (=spine) lomo m

there was damage to the back of the car — la parte trasera or de atrás del coche resultó dañada

• at the back (of) — [+ building] en la parte de atrás (de); [+ cupboard, hall, stage] en el fondo (de)

there's a car park at the back — hay un aparcamiento en la parte de atrás

be quiet at the back! — ¡los de atrás guarden silencio!

they sat at the back of the bus — se sentaron en la parte de atrás del autobús, se sentaron al fondo del autobús

he's at the back of all this trouble — él está detrás de todo este lío *

ambition is at the back of it — la ambición es lo que ha causado todo esto *

this idea had been at the back of his mind for several days — esta idea le había estado varios días rondándole la cabeza

• the ship broke its back — el barco se partió por la mitad

• back to front — al revés

you've got your sweater on back to front — te has puesto el jersey al revés

• in back of the house — (US) detrás de la casa

in the back of the car — en la parte trasera del coche

I'll sit in the back — yo me sentaré detrás

• the toilet's out the back — el baño está fuera en la parte de atrás

• they keep the car round the back — dejan el coche detrás de la casa
beyond 2., mind 1., 1)
4) (Sport) (=defender) defensa mf

• the team is weak at the back — la defensa del equipo es débil

• left back — defensa mf izquierdo/a

• right back — defensa mf derecho/a

2. ADVERB

1) (in space) atrás

stand back! — ¡atrás!

keep (well) back! — (=out of danger) ¡quédate ahí atrás!

keep back! — (=don't come near me) ¡no te acerques!

meanwhile, back in London/back at the airport — mientras, en Londres/en el aeropuerto

he little suspected how worried they were back at home — qué poco sospechaba lo preocupados que estaban en casa

• back and forth — de acá para allá

to go back and forth — [person] ir de acá para allá

there were phone calls back and forth — se hicieron un montón de llamadas el uno al otro

• back from the road — apartado de la carretera

2) (in time)

some months back — hace unos meses

back in the 12th century — allá en el siglo XII

it all started back in 1980 — todo empezó ya en 1980, todo empezó allá en 1980 liter

I saw her back in August — la vi el agosto pasado

3) (=returned)

• to be back — volver

when/what time will you be back? — ¿cuándo/a qué hora vuelves?, ¿cuándo/a qué hora estarás de vuelta?

he's not back yet — aún no ha vuelto, aún no está de vuelta

the electricity is back — ha vuelto la electricidad

black is back (in fashion) — vuelve (a estar de moda) el negro, se vuelve a llevar el negro

• he went to Paris and back — fue a París y volvió

30 kilometres there and back — 30 kilómetros ida y vuelta

you can go there and back in a day — puedes ir y volver en un día

• she's now back at work — ya ha vuelto al trabajo

the kids will be back at school tomorrow — los niños vuelven al colegio mañana

• I'll be back by 6 — estaré de vuelta para las 6

• I'd like it back — quiero que me lo devuelvan

• full satisfaction or your money back — si no está totalmente satisfecho, le devolvemos el dinero

• everything is back to normal — todo ha vuelto a la normalidad

• I want it back — quiero que me lo devuelvan
hit back
3. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) (=reverse) [+ vehicle] dar marcha atrás a

she backed the car into the garage — entró el coche en el garaje dando marcha atrás

he backed the car into a wall — dio marcha atrás y chocó con un muro

2) (=support)

a) (=back up) [+ plan, person] apoyar

they found a witness to back his claim — encontraron un testigo que apoyó lo que decía

b) (=finance) [+ person, enterprise] financiar

c) (Mus) [+ singer] acompañar

3) (=bet on) [+ horse] apostar por

I'm backing Manchester to win — yo apuesto por que va a ganar el Manchester

to back the wrong horse — (lit) apostar por el caballo perdedor

Russia backed the wrong horse in him — (fig) Rusia se ha equivocado al apoyar a él

to back a winner — (lit) apostar por el ganador

he is confident that he's backing a winner — (fig) (person) está seguro de que está dando su apoyo a un ganador; (idea, project) está seguro de que va a funcionar bien

4) (=attach backing to) [+ rug, quilt] forrar

4. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1) [person]

a) (in car) dar marcha atrás

she backed into me — dio marcha atrás y chocó conmigo

b) (=step backwards) echarse hacia atrás, retroceder

he backed into a table — se echó hacia atrás y se dio con una mesa, retrocedió y se dio con una mesa

2) (=change direction) [wind] cambiar de dirección (en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj)

5. ADJECTIVE

1) (=rear) [leg, pocket, wheel] de atrás, trasero

the back row — la última fila

2) (=previous, overdue) [rent, tax, issue] atrasado

6.

COMPOUNDS

back alley N — callejuela f (que recorre la parte de atrás de una hilera de casas)

back boiler N — caldera f pequeña (detrás de una chimenea)

back burner N — quemador m de detrás

- put sth on the back burner

back catalogue N — (Mus) catálogo m de grabaciones discográficas

back copy N — (Press) número m atrasado

the back country N — (US) zona f rural (con muy baja densidad de población)
back-country
back cover N — contraportada f

back door N — puerta f trasera

- do sth by or through the back door

back flip N — voltereta f hacia atrás

back formation N — (Ling) derivación f regresiva

back garden N — (Brit) jardín m trasero

back lot N — (Cine) exteriores mpl (del estudio); [of house, hotel, company premises] solar m trasero

back marker N — (Brit) (Sport) competidor(a) m / f rezagado(-a)

back matter N — [of book] apéndices mpl

back number N — [of magazine, newspaper] número m atrasado

back page N — contraportada f

back pain N — dolor m de espalda, dolor m lumbar

back passage N — (Brit) euph recto m

back pay N — atrasos mpl

back rest N — respaldo m

back road N — carretera f comarcal, carretera f secundaria

back room N — cuarto m interior; (fig) lugar donde se hacen investigaciones secretas

back rub N — (=massage) masaje m en la espalda

• to give sb a back rub — masajearle la espalda a algn, darle un masaje a algn en la espalda

back seat N — asiento m trasero, asiento m de atrás

- take a back seat

back somersault N — salto m mortal hacia atrás

back stop N — (Sport) red que se coloca alrededor de una cancha para impedir que se escapen las pelotas

back talk * N (US) — = backchat

back tooth N — muela f

back view N —

the back view of the hotel is very impressive — el hotel visto desde atrás es impresionante, la parte de atrás del hotel es impresionante

back vowel N — (Ling) vocal f posterior

- back away

- back down

- back off

- back on to

- back out

- back up

* * *
[bæk]
I

noun

1) c ( Anat) ( of human) espalda f; ( of animal) lomo m

he was lying on his back — estaba tumbado boca arriba

he had his back to the door — estaba de espaldas a la puerta

to break one's back working — deslomarse trabajando

I was glad to see the back of him — me alegré de que se fuera

behind somebody's back: they laugh at him behind his back se ríen de él a sus espaldas; to be on somebody's back (colloq) estarle* encima a alguien; get off my back! déjame en paz (fam); to break the back of something hacer* la parte más difícil/la mayor parte de algo; to get o put somebody's back up (colloq) irritar a alguien; to put one's back into something poner* empeño en algo; to turn one's back on somebody — volverle* la espalda a alguien; scratch II d)

2) c

a) ( of chair) respaldo m; (of dress, jacket) espalda f; (of electrical appliance, watch) tapa f

b) (reverse side - of envelope, photo) dorso m, revés m; (- of head) parte f posterior or de atrás; (- of hand) dorso m

read the instructions on the back — lea las instrucciones al dorso

c)

back to front: your sweater is on back to front — te has puesto el suéter al revés; hand I 2)

3) c u ( rear part)

the back of the hall — el fondo de la sala

the back of the house — la parte de atrás de la casa

at the back of the drawer — en el fondo del cajón

we sat at the back — nos sentamos al fondo

I'll sit in the back — ( of car) yo me siento detrás or (en el asiento de) atrás

there's a yard at the back — hay un patio atrás

we stood at the back of the line — nos pusimos al final de la cola

(in) back of the sofa — (AmE) detrás del sofá

he's out back in the yard — (AmE) está en el patio, al fondo

in the back of beyond — donde el diablo perdió el poncho (AmL fam), en el quinto pino (Esp fam)

4) c ( Sport) defensa mf, zaguero, -ra m,f

II

adjective (before n, no comp)

1) ( at rear) trasero, de atrás

the back row — la última fila

2) ( of an earlier date)

back number o issue — número m atrasado

back pay — atrasos mpl

III

adverb

1) (indicating return, repetition)

we can get there and back in an hour — podemos ir y volver en una hora

the journey back — el viaje de vuelta

I'll be back tomorrow — volveré mañana

he's back from Paris — ha vuelto de París

it's back to work on Monday — el lunes hay que volver al trabajo

the Democrats are back in power — los demócratas han vuelto al poder

long hair is back (in fashion) — vuelve (a estar de moda) el pelo largo

meanwhile, back at the house... — mientras tanto, en la casa...

to run/fly back — volver* corriendo/en avión

I'll drive you back — te llevo de vuelta en coche

we arrived back in York at six — regresamos a York a las seis

she came back out — volvió a salir

he asked for the ring back — pidió que le devolviera el anillo

he invited me back for coffee — me invitó a su casa a tomar un café

they had us back the following week — nos devolvieron la invitación la semana siguiente; see also go, take back

2) (in reply, reprisal)

he slapped her and she slapped him back — él la abofeteó y ella le devolvió la bofetada

3)

a) ( backward)

take two steps back — da dos pasos atrás

to travel back in time — viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo

b) ( toward the rear) atrás

we can't hear you back here — aquí atrás no te oímos; see also hold, keep back

4) (in, into the past)

back in 1972 — (ya) en 1972

a few years back — hace unos años

as far back as last June — ya en junio

5)

back and forth — = backward(s) and forward(s): see backward II d)

IV
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<person/decision\>\> respaldar, apoyar

b) ( bet money on) \<\<horse/winner\>\> apostar* por

2) ( reverse)

he backed the car out of the garage — sacó el coche del garaje dando marcha atrás or (Col, Méx) en reversa

3) ( lie behind)

a house backed by open fields — una casa cuyo fondo da a campo abierto

4) ( Mus) acompañar

2.

vi \<\<vehicle/driver\>\> dar* marcha atrás, echar or meter reversa (Col, Méx)

he backed into a lamppost — se dio contra una farola al dar marcha atrás or al meter reversa

Phrasal Verbs:

- back away

- back down

- back off

- back on to

- back out

- back up

English-spanish dictionary > back
18 on

on
1. preposition
1) (touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: The book was lying on the table; He was standing on the floor; She wore a hat on her head.) sobre, encima de, en

2) (in or into (a vehicle, train etc): We were sitting on the bus; I got on the wrong bus.) en

3) (at or during a certain day, time etc: on Monday; On his arrival, he went straight to bed.) a; el, los

4) (about: a book on the theatre.) sobre

5) (in the state or process of: He's on holiday.) en, de

6) (supported by: She was standing on one leg.) sobre, en

7) (receiving, taking: on drugs; on a diet.) con, a

8) (taking part in: He is on the committee; Which detective is working on this case?) en

9) (towards: They marched on the town.) a, hacia

10) (near or beside: a shop on the main road.) en

11) (by means of: He played a tune on the violin; I spoke to him on the telephone.) por

12) (being carried by: The thief had the stolen jewels on him.) con

13) (when (something is, or has been, done): On investigation, there proved to be no need to panic.) en

14) (followed by: disaster on disaster.) tras

2. adverb
1) ((especially of something being worn) so as to be touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: She put her hat on.) en

2) (used to show a continuing state etc, onwards: She kept on asking questions; They moved on.) continuamente, sin parar

3) ((also adjective) (of electric light, machines etc) working: The television is on; Turn/Switch the light on.) en marcha, en funcionamiento

4) ((also adjective) (of films etc) able to be seen: There's a good film on at the cinema this week.) en exhibición, en cartelera

5) ((also adjective) in or into a vehicle, train etc: The bus stopped and we got on.) a bordo

3. adjective
1) (in progress: The game was on.) en curso

2) (not cancelled: Is the party on tonight?) en pie

•

- oncoming
- ongoing
- onwards
- onward
- be on to someone
- be on to
- on and on
- on time
- on to / onto

on¹ adv

1. encendido / puesto

the light is on la luz está encendida

the heating is on la calefacción está puesta

2. abierto

the tap is on el grifo está abierto

3. puesto

he had no shoes on no llevaba zapatos

put your coat on ponte el abrigo

4.

what time is the programme on? ¿a qué hora dan el programa?

5. adelante / sin parar

the policeman told him to stop, but he drove on el policía le dijo que parara, pero siguió adelante

she saw me, but she just walked on me vio, pero siguió su camino

on² prep

1. en / sobre

she put the money on the table puso el dinero sobre la mesa

2. en

there were a lot of people on the train había mucha gente en el tren

3.

his birthday is on March 2nd su cumpleaños es el 2 de marzo

I'll see you on Friday nos vemos el viernes

she goes dancing on Saturdays va a bailar los sábados

4. en

what's on at the cinema? ¿qué echan en el cine?

5. sobre

a book on trains un libro sobre los trenes

on foot a pie

on the left / on the right a la izquierda / a la derechaon seguido de un gerundio se traduce al español por al más el infinitivo

on arriving, she phoned her mother al llegar, llamó a su madre

on

tr[ɒn]

preposition

1 (covering or touching) sobre, encima de, en

■ put it on the floor ponlo en el suelo

■ it's on the table está encima de la mesa

■ on page 45 en la página 45

■ the ball hit me on the head el balón me dio en la cabeza

2 (supported by, hanging from) en

■ she put the picture on the wall colgó el cuadro en la pared

■ lean on me apóyate en mí

3 (to, towards) a, hacia

■ the army was advancing on Berlin el ejército avanzaba hacia Berlín

■ on the right/left a la derecha/izquierda

4 (at the edge of) en

■ a village on the coast un pueblo de la costa

■ it's on the border está en la frontera

5 (concerning) sobre

■ a tax on alcohol un impuesto sobre el alcohol

6 (travelling expressions) de

■ we went on a journey nos fuimos de viaje, hicimos un viaje

■ he's on a business trip está de viaje de negocios

■ I was on my way to work iba de camino al trabajo

7 (days, dates, times) no se traduce

■ on Saturday el sábado

■ on Saturdays los sábados

■ on November 3rd el tres de noviembre

■ on Christmas Day el día de Navidad

8 (at the time of, just after) al

■ on arrival al llegar

■ on discovering the body al descubrir el cadáver

9 (as a result of) diferentes traducciones

■ on your advice siguiendo tus consejos

■ based on a true story basado en una historia real

10 (as means of transport) a, en

■ on foot, on horseback, on a bicycle a pie, a caballo, en bicicleta

■ on the train, on the bus, on the underground en el tren, en el autobús, en el metro

11 (regarding, about) sobre, de

■ a talk on birds una charla sobre aves

■ a book on art un libro de arte

12 (by means of) por

■ on the radio, on the TV por la radio, por la tele

■ I'm speaking on the phone estoy hablando por teléfono

13 (using) con

■ how do you get by on your pension? ¿cómo te las arreglas con tu pensión?

■ cars run on petrol los coches funcionan con gasolina

14 (state, process) diferentes traducciones

■ it's on fire se está quemando

■ it's on sale now ya está a la venta

■ she's on a diet está a régimen

■ crime is on the increase los delitos van en aumento

■ on strike en huelga

15 (working for, belonging to) diferentes traducciones

■ he's on the committee forma parte de la comisión

■ on the staff en plantilla

■ whose side are you on? ¿de parte de quién estás?

16 (in possession of) con

■ he was caught with drugs on him lo cogieron con drogas

■ have you got any money on you? ¿llevas dinero?

17 (paid for by) pagado por

■ the drinks are on me! ¡invito yo!

■ it's on the house paga la casa

18 (by comparison with) respecto a

■ sales are up on last year las ventas han aumentado respecto al año pasado

adverb

1 (not stopping) sin parar

■ she kept on talking siguió hablando

■ on with the show! the show must go on! ¡que siga el espectáculo!

2 (movement forward) diferentes traducciones

■ walk on until you get to the church sigue hasta que llegues a la iglesia

■ it's time we were moving on es hora de que nos vayamos

3 (clothes - being worn) puesto,-a

■ she had a cap on llevaba puesta una gorra

■ put a jumper on ponte un jersey

■ keep your coat on no te quites el abrigo

4 (working) diferentes traducciones

■ who left the TV on? ¿quién dejó la TV encendida?

■ don't leave the tap on! ¡no dejes el grifo abierto!

■ could you put a record on? ¿podrías poner un disco?

5 (happening) diferentes traducciones

■ is there anything good on TV? ¿dan algo bueno por la tele?

■ what time is the film on? ¿a qué hora ponen la película?

■ have we got anything on this weekend? ¿tenemos plan para este fin de semana?

adjective

1 (in use) diferentes traducciones

■ is the heating on? ¿está puesta la calefacción?

■ all the lights were on todas las luces estaban encendidas

2 (happening) diferentes traducciones

■ the strike's on la huelga sigue convocada

■ is the party still on? ¿se hace la fiesta?

■ the match is on after all después de todo, el partido se celebra

3 (performing) diferentes traducciones

■ you're on next! ¡sales tú el próximo!

■ they're bringing the sub on hacen salir a jugar el suplente

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

and so on y así sucesivamente

from that day on a partir de aquel día

it's not on no hay derecho, eso no vale

on line SMALLCOMPUTING/SMALL conectado,-a

to be on about hablar de

■ what on earth is he on about? ¿de qué diablos está hablando?

to be on at somebody dar la lata a alguien

to be on for something apuntarse a algo

to go on and on about something seguir dale que dale con algo

to have something on somebody tener algo contra alguien

you're on! ¡trato hecho!

on ['ɑn, 'ɔn] adv

1) (indicating contact with a surface)

put the top on: pon la tapa

he has a hat on: lleva un sombrero puesto

2) (indicating forward movement)

from that moment on: a partir de ese momento

farther on: más adelante

3) (indicating operation or an operating position)

turn the light on: prende la luz

on adj

1) (being in operation)

the radio is on: el radio está prendido

2) (taking place)

the game is on: el juego ha comenzado

3)

to be on to : estar enterado de

on prep

1) (indicating position) : en, sobre, encima de

on the table: en (sobre, encima de) la mesa

shadows on the wall: sombras en la pared

on horseback: a caballo

2) at, to: a

on the right: a la derecha

3) aboard, in: en, a

on the plane: en el avión

he got on the train: subió al tren

4) (indicating time)

she worked on Saturdays: trabajaba los sábados

every hour on the hour: a la hora en punto

5) (indicating means or agency) : por

he cut himself on a tin can: se cortó con una lata

to talk on the telephone: hablar por teléfono

6) (indicating a state or process) : en

on fire: en llamas

on the increase: en aumento

7) (indicating connection or membership) : en

on a committee: en una comisión

8) (indicating an activity)

on vacation: de vacaciones

on a diet: a dieta

9) about, concerning: sobre

a book on insects: un libro sobre insectos

reflect on that: reflexiona sobre eso

on

adj.

• conectado, -a adj.

• en marcha adj.

• encendido, -a adj.

adv.

• encima adv.

prep.

• acerca de prep.

• conectado (Electricidad) prep.

• de prep.

• en prep.

• encendido (Electricidad) prep.

• encima de prep.

• sobre prep.

I ɑːn, ɒn
preposition

1)

a) ( indicating position) en

put it on the table — ponlo en or sobre la mesa

on the ground — en el suelo

he hung it on a hook — lo colgó de un gancho

yellow on a black background — amarillo sobre un fondo negro

I live on Acacia Avenue — (esp AmE) vivo en Acacia Avenue

on the right/left — a la derecha/izquierda

b) ( belonging to) de

the handle on the cup — el asa de la taza

c) ( against)

I hit my head on the shelf — me di con la cabeza contra el estante

he cut his hand on the glass — se cortó la mano con el vidrio

2)

a) ( of clothing)

it looks better on you than me — te queda mejor a ti que a mí

b) ( about one's person)

I didn't have any cash on me — no llevaba dinero encima

they found heroin on him — le encontraron heroína (encima)

3) ( indicating means of transport)

I went on the bus — fui en autobús

we had lunch on the train — comimos en el tren

on a bicycle/horse — en bicicleta/a caballo

on foot — a pie

4)

a) ( playing instrument) a

George Smith on drums — George Smith a la or en la batería

b) (Rad, TV)

I heard it on the radio — lo oí por la radio

I was on TV last night — anoche salí por televisión

the play's on channel 4 — la obra la dan en el canal 4

c) ( recorded on) en

on tape — en cinta

5)

a) ( using equipment)

who's on the computer? — ¿quién está usando la computadora?

you've been on the phone an hour! — hace una hora que estás hablando por teléfono!, hace una hora que estás colgado del teléfono! (fam)

b) ( on duty at) en

to be on the door — estar* en la puerta

c) ( contactable via)

call us on 800 7777 — llámenos al 800 7777

6) ( a member of)

she's on the committee — está en la comisión, es miembro de la comisión

on a team — (AmE) en un equipo

7) ( indicating time)

I went on Monday — fui el lunes

on Wednesdays she goes swimming — los miércoles va a nadar

on the anniversary of her death — en el aniversario de su muerte

on -ing — al + inf

on hearing the news — al enterarse de la noticia

8) (about, concerning) sobre

while we're on the subject — a propósito, ya que estamos hablando de esto

9)

a) (indicating activity, undertaking)

on vacation/safari — de vacaciones/safari

we went on a trip to London — hicimos un viaje a Londres, nos fuimos de viaje a Londres

I went there on business — fui allí en viaje de negocios

he's on a diet — está a dieta, está a or de régimen

b) (working on, studying)

we're on page 45 already — ya vamos por la página 45

I'm still on question 1 — todavía estoy con la pregunta número 1

10) (taking, consuming)

she's on antibiotics — está tomando antibióticos

he's on heroin — es heroinómano

11) (talking about income, available funds)

I manage on less than that — yo me las arreglo con menos de eso

she's on £30,000 — (BrE) gana 30.000 libras al año

12) ( according to)

she wants to stay on her terms — quiere quedarse pero imponiendo sus condiciones

acting on his advice — siguiendo sus consejos

13) ( at the expense of)

this round's on me — a esta ronda invito yo, esta ronda la pago yo

it's on the house — invita la casa, atención de la casa

14)

a) ( in comparison with)

profits are up on last year — los beneficios han aumentado respecto al año pasado

b) (in) (AmE)

20 cents on the dollar — el 20 por ciento

II

adverb

1)

a) ( worn)

she had a blue dress on — llevaba (puesto) or tenía puesto un vestido azul

with no clothes on — sin ropa, desnudo

let's see what it looks like on — a ver cómo queda puesto; see also have on, put on

b) ( in place)

the lid's not on properly — la tapa no está bien puesta

to sew a button on — coser or pegar* un botón

2) ( indicating relative position)

head on — de frente

sideways on — de lado

3) ( indicating progression)

a) ( in space)

drive on — sigue adelante

further on — un poco más allá or más adelante

go on up; I'll follow in a minute — tú ve subiendo que yo ya voy

b) (in time, activity)

from then on — a partir de ese momento

from now on — de ahora en adelante

I have nothing on that day — ese día no tengo ningún compromiso

c)

on and off, off and on: we still see each other on and off todavía nos vemos de vez en cuando; it rained on and off o off and on all week — estuvo lloviendo y parando toda la semana

d)

on and on: the film went on and on la película se hizo interminable or (fam) pesadísima; you don't have to go on and on about it! — no hace falta que sigas dale y dale con lo mismo (fam)

4) ( in phrases)

a)

on about — (BrE colloq)

what's she on about? — ¿de qué está hablando?, pero ¿qué dice?

b)

on at — (BrE colloq)

he's always on at her about the same thing — siempre le está encima con lo mismo

III

adjective

1) (pred)

a) ( functioning)

to be on — \<\<light/TV/radio\>\> estar* encendido, estar* prendido (AmL); \<\<faucet\>\> estar* abierto

the electricity/water isn't on yet — la electricidad/el agua todavía no está conectada

the handbrake is on — el freno de mano está puesto

b) ( on duty)

we work four hours on, four hours off — trabajamos cuatro horas y tenemos otras cuatro de descanso

which of the doctors is on today? — ¿qué médico está de guardia hoy?

2) (pred)

a) ( taking place)

there's a lecture on in there — hay or están dando una conferencia allí

while the conference is on — mientras dure el congreso, hasta que termine el congreso

b) ( due to take place)

the party's definitely on for Friday — la fiesta es or se hace el viernes seguro

is the wedding still on? — ¿no se ha suspendido la boda?

c) ( being presented)

what's on at the Renoir? — (Cin, Rad, Theat, TV) ¿qué dan or (Esp tb) ponen or echan en el Renoir?

is that play still on? — ¿sigue en cartelera la obra?

the exhibition is still on — la exposición sigue abierta

d) (performing, playing)

you're on! — ( Theat) a escena!

I'm only on for about five minutes in Act 3 — sólo salgo cinco minutos en el tercer acto

he has been on for most of the game — ha estado jugando casi todo el partido; see also bring, come, go on

3)

a) (indicating agreement, acceptance) (colloq)

you teach me Spanish and I'll teach you French - you're on! — tú me enseñas español y yo te enseño francés - trato hecho! or te tomo la palabra!

b)

not on — (esp BrE colloq)

that sort of thing just isn't on — ese tipo de cosa no se puede tolerar

the idea of finishing by April was never really on — la idea de terminar para abril nunca fue viable

[ɒn] When on is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg have on, get on, go on, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, such as broadside on, further on, look up the other word.
1. PREP

1) (indicating place, position) en, sobre

• on the ceiling — sobre el techo

• on the Continent — en Europa

• with her hat on her head — con el sombrero puesto

• on page two — en la página dos

• on the right — a la derecha

• on the high seas — en alta mar

• on all sides — por todas partes, por todos lados

• a house on the square — una casa en la plaza

• on the table — en or sobre la mesa

• a meal on the train — una comida en el tren

• hanging on the wall — colgado en la pared

2) (indicating time)

on Friday — el viernes

on Fridays — los viernes

on May 14th — el catorce de mayo

on or about the 8th — el día 8 o por ahí

on and after the 15th — el día 15 y a partir de la misma fecha

• on a day like this — (en) un día como este

on the next day — al día siguiente

on some days it is — hay días cuando lo es

• on the evening of July 2nd — el 2 de julio por la tarde

3) (=at the time of)

on seeing him — al verlo

on my arrival — al llegar, a mi llegada

on my calling to him — al llamarle yo

4) (=about, concerning) sobre, acerca de

a book on physics — un libro de or sobre física

he lectured on Keats — dio una conferencia sobre Keats

Eden on the events of 1956 — lo que dice Eden acerca de los acontecimientos de 1956

have you read Purnell on Churchill? — ¿has leído los comentarios de Purnell sobre Churchill?

have you heard the boss on the new tax? — ¿has oído lo que dice el jefe acerca de la nueva contribución?

while we're on the subject — como hablamos de esto

5) (=towards, against)

the march on Rome — la marcha sobre Roma

an attack on the government — un ataque contra el gobierno

6) (=earning, receiving)

he's on £6,000 a year — gana seis mil libras al año

• a student on a grant — un estudiante con beca

• many live on less than that — muchos viven con menos

7) (=taking, consuming)

• I'm on a milk diet — sigo un régimen lácteo

• he's back on drugs — ha vuelto a drogarse

• he's on heroin — está enganchado a la heroína

• I'm on three pills a day — tomo tres píldoras al día
live on 1.
8) (=engaged in)

I'm on a new project — trabajo sobre un nuevo proyecto

we're on irregular verbs — estamos con los verbos irregulares

• he's away on business — está en viaje de negocios

• to be on holiday — estar de vacaciones

• the company is on tour — la compañía está en gira

9) (indicating membership)

• he's on the committee — es miembro del comité

• he's on the permanent staff — es de plantilla

10) (=playing)

with Louis Armstrong on trumpet — con Louis Armstrong a la trompeta

all the children play on the piano — todos los chicos saben tocar el piano

he played it on the violin — lo tocó al violín

11) (TV, Rad)

• on the radio — en or por la radio

• on television — en or por (la) televisión

there's a good film on TV tonight — esta noche dan una buena película en la tele

• on video — en vídeo

12) (=about one's person)

I haven't any money on me — no llevo dinero encima

13) (=after, according to)

on this model — según este modelo

14) (=compared to)

prices are up on last year('s) — los precios han subido frente a los del año pasado

15) (=at the expense of)

this round's on me — esta ronda la pago yo, invito yo

the tour was on the Council — la gira la pagó el Consejo, corrió el Consejo con los gastos de la gira

- it's on the house

16) liter

woe on woe — dolor sobre dolor

snow on snow — nieve y más nieve

17) (phrases)

• on account of — a causa de

• on good authority — de buena tinta

on his authority — con su autorización

• on average — por término medio

• to swear on the Bible — prestar juramento sobre la Biblia

• on a charge of murder — acusado de homicidio

• on foot — a pie

• on horseback — a caballo

• on pain of — so pena de

• on sale — de venta

• on the telephone — por teléfono

• on time — a la hora, a tiempo
base I, 2., 2)
2. ADV

1) (=in place) [lid etc] puesto

the lid is on — la tapa está puesta

it's not on properly — no está bien puesto
screw on
2) (with clothes)

to have one's boots on — llevar las botas puestas

to have one's coat on — tener el abrigo puesto

what's she got on? — ¿qué lleva puesto?, ¿cómo va vestida?

she had not got much on — iba muy ligera de ropa

3) (indicating time)

from that day on — a partir de aquel día, de aquel día en adelante

• on and off — de vez en cuando, a intervalos

• it was well on in the evening — estaba ya muy entrada la tarde

well on in June — bien entrado junio

they talked well on into the night — hablaron hasta bien entrada la noche

well on in years — entrado en años, que va para viejo
further 1., 1), later 1., 2)
4) (indicating continuation)

to go/walk on — seguir adelante

to read on — seguir leyendo

• he rambled on and on — estuvo dale que dale *, estuvo dale y dale (esp LAm)

• and so on — (=and the rest) y demás; (=etc) etcétera

• on with the show! — ¡que empiece or continúe el espectáculo!

on with the dancing girls! — ¡que salgan las bailarinas!

5) (in phrases)

• what are you on about? * — ¿de qué (me) hablas?

• he's always on at me about it * — me está majando continuamente con eso *
go on
3. ADJ

1) (=functioning, in operation)

to be on — [engine] estar encendido, estar en marcha; [switch] estar encendido or conectado; [machine] estar encendido or funcionando; [light] estar encendido, estar prendido (LAm); [TV set etc] estar encendido, estar puesto, estar prendido (LAm); [tap] estar abierto; [brake etc] estar puesto, estar echado

in the on position — [tap] abierto, en posición de abierto; (Elec) encendido, puesto, prendido (LAm)

2) (=being performed, shown)

the show is now on — ha comenzado el espectáculo

the show is on in London — se ha estrenado el espectáculo en Londres

the show was on for only two weeks — el show estuvo solamente 15 días en cartelera

what's on at the cinema? — ¿qué ponen en el cine?

what's on at the theatre? — ¿qué dan en el teatro?

"what's on in London" — "cartelera de los espectáculos londinenses"

the programme is on in a minute — el programa empieza dentro de un minuto

there's a good film on tonight — hay una película buena esta noche

3) (=taking place)

is the meeting still on tonight? — ¿sigue en pie la reunión de esta noche?, ¿se lleva a cabo siempre la reunión de esta noche? (LAm)

the deal is on — se ha cerrado el trato

4) (=arranged)

have you got anything on this evening? — ¿tienes compromiso para esta noche?

sorry, I've got something on tonight — lo siento, esta noche tengo un compromiso

5) (=performing, working)

to be on — [actor] estar en escena

you're on in five minutes — sales en cinco minutos

are you on next? — ¿te toca a ti la próxima vez?

are you on tomorrow? — (=on duty) ¿trabajas mañana?, ¿estás de turno mañana?

to have one day on and the next off — trabajar un día y el otro no

6) * (indicating agreement, acceptance)

you're on! — ¡te tomo la palabra!

are you still on for dinner tomorrow night? — ¿sigo contando contigo para cenar mañana?

that's not on — (Brit) eso no se hace, no hay derecho

4.

EXCL ¡adelante!

* * *

I [ɑːn, ɒn]
preposition

1)

a) ( indicating position) en

put it on the table — ponlo en or sobre la mesa

on the ground — en el suelo

he hung it on a hook — lo colgó de un gancho

yellow on a black background — amarillo sobre un fondo negro

I live on Acacia Avenue — (esp AmE) vivo en Acacia Avenue

on the right/left — a la derecha/izquierda

b) ( belonging to) de

the handle on the cup — el asa de la taza

c) ( against)

I hit my head on the shelf — me di con la cabeza contra el estante

he cut his hand on the glass — se cortó la mano con el vidrio

2)

a) ( of clothing)

it looks better on you than me — te queda mejor a ti que a mí

b) ( about one's person)

I didn't have any cash on me — no llevaba dinero encima

they found heroin on him — le encontraron heroína (encima)

3) ( indicating means of transport)

I went on the bus — fui en autobús

we had lunch on the train — comimos en el tren

on a bicycle/horse — en bicicleta/a caballo

on foot — a pie

4)

a) ( playing instrument) a

George Smith on drums — George Smith a la or en la batería

b) (Rad, TV)

I heard it on the radio — lo oí por la radio

I was on TV last night — anoche salí por televisión

the play's on channel 4 — la obra la dan en el canal 4

c) ( recorded on) en

on tape — en cinta

5)

a) ( using equipment)

who's on the computer? — ¿quién está usando la computadora?

you've been on the phone an hour! — hace una hora que estás hablando por teléfono!, hace una hora que estás colgado del teléfono! (fam)

b) ( on duty at) en

to be on the door — estar* en la puerta

c) ( contactable via)

call us on 800 7777 — llámenos al 800 7777

6) ( a member of)

she's on the committee — está en la comisión, es miembro de la comisión

on a team — (AmE) en un equipo

7) ( indicating time)

I went on Monday — fui el lunes

on Wednesdays she goes swimming — los miércoles va a nadar

on the anniversary of her death — en el aniversario de su muerte

on -ing — al + inf

on hearing the news — al enterarse de la noticia

8) (about, concerning) sobre

while we're on the subject — a propósito, ya que estamos hablando de esto

9)

a) (indicating activity, undertaking)

on vacation/safari — de vacaciones/safari

we went on a trip to London — hicimos un viaje a Londres, nos fuimos de viaje a Londres

I went there on business — fui allí en viaje de negocios

he's on a diet — está a dieta, está a or de régimen

b) (working on, studying)

we're on page 45 already — ya vamos por la página 45

I'm still on question 1 — todavía estoy con la pregunta número 1

10) (taking, consuming)

she's on antibiotics — está tomando antibióticos

he's on heroin — es heroinómano

11) (talking about income, available funds)

I manage on less than that — yo me las arreglo con menos de eso

she's on £30,000 — (BrE) gana 30.000 libras al año

12) ( according to)

she wants to stay on her terms — quiere quedarse pero imponiendo sus condiciones

acting on his advice — siguiendo sus consejos

13) ( at the expense of)

this round's on me — a esta ronda invito yo, esta ronda la pago yo

it's on the house — invita la casa, atención de la casa

14)

a) ( in comparison with)

profits are up on last year — los beneficios han aumentado respecto al año pasado

b) (in) (AmE)

20 cents on the dollar — el 20 por ciento

II

adverb

1)

a) ( worn)

she had a blue dress on — llevaba (puesto) or tenía puesto un vestido azul

with no clothes on — sin ropa, desnudo

let's see what it looks like on — a ver cómo queda puesto; see also have on, put on

b) ( in place)

the lid's not on properly — la tapa no está bien puesta

to sew a button on — coser or pegar* un botón

2) ( indicating relative position)

head on — de frente

sideways on — de lado

3) ( indicating progression)

a) ( in space)

drive on — sigue adelante

further on — un poco más allá or más adelante

go on up; I'll follow in a minute — tú ve subiendo que yo ya voy

b) (in time, activity)

from then on — a partir de ese momento

from now on — de ahora en adelante

I have nothing on that day — ese día no tengo ningún compromiso

c)

on and off, off and on: we still see each other on and off todavía nos vemos de vez en cuando; it rained on and off o off and on all week — estuvo lloviendo y parando toda la semana

d)

on and on: the film went on and on la película se hizo interminable or (fam) pesadísima; you don't have to go on and on about it! — no hace falta que sigas dale y dale con lo mismo (fam)

4) ( in phrases)

a)

on about — (BrE colloq)

what's she on about? — ¿de qué está hablando?, pero ¿qué dice?

b)

on at — (BrE colloq)

he's always on at her about the same thing — siempre le está encima con lo mismo

III

adjective

1) (pred)

a) ( functioning)

to be on — \<\<light/TV/radio\>\> estar* encendido, estar* prendido (AmL); \<\<faucet\>\> estar* abierto

the electricity/water isn't on yet — la electricidad/el agua todavía no está conectada

the handbrake is on — el freno de mano está puesto

b) ( on duty)

we work four hours on, four hours off — trabajamos cuatro horas y tenemos otras cuatro de descanso

which of the doctors is on today? — ¿qué médico está de guardia hoy?

2) (pred)

a) ( taking place)

there's a lecture on in there — hay or están dando una conferencia allí

while the conference is on — mientras dure el congreso, hasta que termine el congreso

b) ( due to take place)

the party's definitely on for Friday — la fiesta es or se hace el viernes seguro

is the wedding still on? — ¿no se ha suspendido la boda?

c) ( being presented)

what's on at the Renoir? — (Cin, Rad, Theat, TV) ¿qué dan or (Esp tb) ponen or echan en el Renoir?

is that play still on? — ¿sigue en cartelera la obra?

the exhibition is still on — la exposición sigue abierta

d) (performing, playing)

you're on! — ( Theat) a escena!

I'm only on for about five minutes in Act 3 — sólo salgo cinco minutos en el tercer acto

he has been on for most of the game — ha estado jugando casi todo el partido; see also bring, come, go on

3)

a) (indicating agreement, acceptance) (colloq)

you teach me Spanish and I'll teach you French - you're on! — tú me enseñas español y yo te enseño francés - trato hecho! or te tomo la palabra!

b)

not on — (esp BrE colloq)

that sort of thing just isn't on — ese tipo de cosa no se puede tolerar

the idea of finishing by April was never really on — la idea de terminar para abril nunca fue viable

English-spanish dictionary > on
19 on

1.
[ɒn]preposition

1) (position) auf (+ Dat.); (direction) auf (+ Akk.); (attached to) an (+ Dat./Akk.)

put something on the table — etwas auf den Tisch legen od. stellen

be on the table — auf dem Tisch sein

write something on the wall — etwas an die Wand schreiben

be hanging on the wall — an der Wand hängen

have something on one — etwas bei sich (Dat.) haben

on the bus/train — im Bus/Zug; (by bus/train) mit dem Bus/Zug

be on the board/committee — im Vorstand/Ausschuss sein

on Oxford 556767 — unter der Nummer Oxford 55 67 67

2) (with basis, motive, etc. of)

on the evidence — aufgrund des Beweismaterials

on the assumption/hypothesis that... — angenommen,...

3) in expressions of time an [einem Abend, Tag usw.]

on Sundays — sonntags

it's just on nine — es ist gerade neun

on [his] arrival — bei seiner Ankunft

on entering the room... — beim Betreten des Zimmers...

on time or schedule — pünktlich

4) expr. state etc

be on heroin — heroinabhängig sein

the drinks are on me — (coll.) die Getränke gehen auf mich

be on £20,000 a year — 20 000 Pfund im Jahr kriegen od. haben

5) (concerning, about) über (+ Akk.)
2. adverb
1)

with/without a hat/coat on — mit/ohne Hut/Mantel

have a hat on — einen Hut aufhaben

your hat is on crooked — dein Hut sitzt schief

boil something with/without the lid on — etwas in geschlossenem/offenem Topf kochen

the potatoes are on — die Kartoffeln sind aufgesetzt

2) (in some direction)

face on — mit dem Gesicht voran

on and on — immer weiter

3) (switched or turned on)

the light/radio etc. is on — das Licht/Radio usw. ist an

put the light on — das Licht anmachen

is there a gas tap on? — ist ein Gashahn aufgedreht?

4) (arranged)

is Sunday's picnic on? — findet das Picknick am Sonntag statt?

I have nothing of importance on — ich habe nichts Wichtiges vor

5) (being performed)

what's on at the cinema? — was gibt es od. was läuft im Kino?

his play is currently on in London — sein Stück wird zur Zeit in London aufgeführt od. gespielt

6) (on duty)

come/be on — seinen Dienst antreten/Dienst haben

7)

something is on (feasible) /not on — etwas ist möglich/ausgeschlossen

you're on! — (coll.): (I agree) abgemacht!; (making bet) die Wette gilt!

be on about somebody/something — (coll.) [dauernd] über jemanden/etwas sprechen

what is he on about? — was will er [sagen]?

be on at/keep on and on at somebody — (coll.) jemandem in den Ohren/dauernd in den Ohren liegen (ugs.)

on to, onto — auf (+ Akk.)

be on to something — (have discovered something) etwas ausfindig gemacht haben. See also academic.ru/62377/right">right 4. 4)

* * *
[on] 1. preposition
1) (touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: The book was lying on the table; He was standing on the floor; She wore a hat on her head.) auf, in

2) (in or into (a vehicle, train etc): We were sitting on the bus; I got on the wrong bus.) in

3) (at or during a certain day, time etc: on Monday; On his arrival, he went straight to bed.) an, bei

4) (about: a book on the theatre.) über

5) (in the state or process of: He's on holiday.) in

6) (supported by: She was standing on one leg.) auf

7) (receiving, taking: on drugs; on a diet.) auf

8) (taking part in: He is on the committee; Which detective is working on this case?) in, an

9) (towards: They marched on the town.) zu

10) (near or beside: a shop on the main road.) an

11) (by means of: He played a tune on the violin; I spoke to him on the telephone.) auf, an

12) (being carried by: The thief had the stolen jewels on him.) mit

13) (when (something is, or has been, done): On investigation, there proved to be no need to panic.) als

14) (followed by: disaster on disaster.) auf
2. adverb
1) ((especially of something being worn) so as to be touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: She put her hat on.) auf

2) (used to show a continuing state etc, onwards: She kept on asking questions; They moved on.) weiter

3) (( also adjective) (of electric light, machines etc) working: The television is on; Turn/Switch the light on.) an

4) (( also adjective) (of films etc) able to be seen: There's a good film on at the cinema this week.) hinein

5) (( also adjective) in or into a vehicle, train etc: The bus stopped and we got on.) im Gange
3. adjective
1) (in progress: The game was on.) stattfinden

2) (not cancelled: Is the party on tonight?) stattfinden

•

- oncoming
- ongoing
- onwards
- onward
- be on to someone
- be on to
- on and on
- on time
- on to / onto
* * *

on

[ɒn, AM ɑ:n]

I. prep

1. (on top of) auf + dat

there are many books \on my desk auf meinem Tisch sind viele Bücher

look at that cat \on the chair! schau dir die Katze auf dem Stuhl an!

\on top of sth [ganz] oben auf etw dat

2. with verbs of motion (onto) auf + akk

put the pot \on the table! stell den Topf auf den Tisch!

he had to walk out \on the roof er musste auf das Dach hinauf

she hung their washing \on the line to dry sie hängte ihre Wäsche zum Trocknen auf die Leine

let's hang a picture \on the wall lass uns ein Bild an die Wand hängen

to get \on a horse auf ein Pferd aufsteigen, aufsitzen

3. (situated on) an + dat

, auf + dat

our house is \on Sturton Street unser Haus ist in der Sturton Street

they lay \on the beach sie lagen am Strand

the town is \on the island die Stadt ist auf der Insel

her new house is \on the river ihr neues Haus liegt am Fluss

\on the balcony/her estate auf dem Balkon/ihrem Gut

\on the border an der Grenze

the shop \on the corner der Laden an der Ecke

\on the hill/mountain auf dem Hügel/Berg

\on the left/right auf der linken/rechten Seite

\on platform three auf Bahnsteig [o SCHWEIZ Perron] drei m o nt

\on track two an Gleis zwei

4. (from) an + dat

several bird houses hung \on the branches an den Ästen hingen mehrere Nistkästen

a huge chandelier hung \on the ceiling ein großer Kronleuchter hing von der Decke herab

5. (clothing) an + dat

with shoes \on his feet mit Schuhen an den Füßen

the wedding ring \on the ring finger der Ehering am Ringfinger

6. (hurt by) an + dat

I hit my head \on the shelf ich habe mir den Kopf am Regal angestoßen

she tripped \on the wire sie blieb an dem Kabel hängen

he cut his foot \on some glass er hat sich den Fuß an einer Glasscherbe verletzt

to stumble \on sth über etw akk stolpern

7. (supported by a part of the body) auf + dat

to lie \on one's back auf dem Rücken liegen

to stand \on one's head auf dem Kopf stehen

8. (in possession of) bei + dat

to have sth \on one etw bei sich dat haben

I thought I had my driver's licence \on me ich dachte, ich hätte meinen Führerschein dabei

have you got a spare cigarette \on you? hast du eine Zigarette für mich übrig?

9. (marking surface of) auf + dat

how did you get that blood \on your shirt? wie kommt das Blut auf Ihr Hemd?

he had a scratch \on his arm er hatte einen Kratzer am Arm

there was a smile \on her face ein Lächeln lag auf ihrem Gesicht

10. (about) über + akk

a documentary \on volcanoes ein Dokumentarfilm über Vulkane

he needs some advice \on how to dress er braucht ein paar Tipps, wie er sich anziehen soll

essays \on a wide range of issues Aufsätze zu einer Vielzahl von Themen

he commented \on the allegations er nahm Stellung zu den Vorwürfen

he advised her \on her taxes er beriet sie [o gab ihr Ratschläge] in Sachen Steuern

I'll say more \on that subject later ich werde später mehr dazu sagen

they settled \on a price sie einigten sich auf einen Preis

to congratulate sb \on sth jdn zu etw dat gratulieren

to frown \on sth etw missbilligen

to have something/anything \on sb etw gegen jdn in der Hand haben

do the police have anything \on you? hat die Polizei etwas Belastendes gegen dich in der Hand?

11. (based on) auf + akk... hin

he reacted \on a hunch er reagierte auf ein Ahnung hin

he quit his job \on the principle that he did not want to work for an oil company er kündigte seine Stelle, weil er nicht für eine Ölgesellschaft arbeiten wollte

\on account of wegen + gen

they cancelled all flights \on account of the bad weather sie sagten alle Flüge wegen des schlechten Wetters ab

\on purpose mit Absicht, absichtlich

dependent/reliant \on sb/sth abhängig von jdm/etw

to be based \on sth auf etw dat basieren

to be based \on the ideas of freedom and equality auf den Ideen von Freiheit und Gleichheit basieren

to rely \on sb sich akk auf jdn verlassen

12. (as member of) in + dat

how many people are \on your staff? wie viele Mitarbeiter haben Sie?

have you ever served \on a jury? warst du schon einmal Mitglied in einer Jury?

whose side are you \on in this argument? auf welcher Seite stehst du in diesem Streit?

a writer \on a women's magazine eine Autorin bei einer Frauenzeitschrift

13. (against) auf + akk

the dog turned \on its own master der Hund ging auf seinen eigenes Herrchen los

the gangsters pulled a gun \on him die Gangster zielten mit der Pistole auf ihn

thousands were marching \on Cologne Tausenden marschierten auf Köln zu

don't be so hard \on him! sei nicht so streng mit ihm!

criticism has no effect \on him Kritik kann ihm nichts anhaben

he didn't know it but the joke was \on him er wusste nicht, dass es ein Witz über ihn war

two air raids \on Munich zwei Luftangriffe auf München

they placed certain restrictions \on large companies großen Unternehmen wurden bestimmte Beschränkungen auferlegt

there is a new ban \on the drug die Droge wurde erneut verboten

to place a limit \on sth etw begrenzen

to force one's will \on sb jdm seinen Willen aufzwingen

to cheat \on sb jdn betrügen

14. (through device of) an + dat

he's \on the phone er ist am Telefon

she weaved the cloth \on the loom sie webte das Tuch auf dem Webstuhl

Chris is \on drums Chris ist am Schlagzeug

we work \on flexitime wir arbeiten Gleitzeit

\on the piano am Klavier

15. (through medium of) auf + dat

I'd like to see that offer \on paper ich hätte dieses Angebot gerne schriftlich

I saw myself \on film ich sah mich selbst im Film

what's \on TV tonight? was kommt heute Abend im Fernsehen?

do you like the jazz \on radio? gefällt dir der Jazz im Radio?

I heard the story \on the news today ich habe die Geschichte heute in den Nachrichten gehört

a 10-part series \on Channel 3 eine zehnteilige Serie im 3. Programm

to be available \on cassette auf Kassette erhältlich sein

to store sth \on the computer etw im Computer speichern

to put sth down \on paper etw aufschreiben [o BRD, ÖSTERR zu Papier bringen]

to come out \on video als Video herauskommen

16. (in the course of) auf + dat

\on the way to town auf dem Weg in die Stadt

17. (travelling with) in + dat

, mit + dat

I love travelling \on buses/trains ich fahre gerne mit Bussen/Zügen

we went to France \on the ferry wir fuhren mit der Fähre nach Frankreich

he got some sleep \on the plane er konnte im Flugzeug ein wenig schlafen

\on foot/horseback zu Fuß/auf dem Pferd

18. (on day of) an + dat

many shops don't open \on Sundays viele Läden haben an Sonntagen geschlossen

what are you doing \on Friday? was machst du am Freitag?

we always go bowling \on Thursdays wir gehen donnerstags immer kegeln

my birthday's \on the 30th of May ich habe am 30. Mai Geburtstag

\on a very hot evening in July an einem sehr heißen Abend im Juli

\on Saturday morning/Wednesday evening am Samstagvormittag/Mittwochabend

19. (at time of) bei + dat

\on his brother's death beim Tod seines Bruders

\on the count of three, start running! bei drei lauft ihr los!

trains to London leave \on the hour every hour die Züge nach London fahren jeweils zur vollen Stunde

the professor entered the room at 1:00 \on the minute der Professor betrat den Raum auf die Minute genau um 13.00 Uhr

\on receiving her letter als ich ihren Brief erhielt

\on arriving at the station bei der Ankunft im Bahnhof

\on arrival/departure bei der Ankunft/Abreise

\on the dot [auf die Sekunde] pünktlich

to be finished \on schedule planmäßig fertig werden

20. (engaged in) bei + dat

we were \on page 42 wir waren auf Seite 42

he was out \on errands er machte ein paar Besorgungen

we made a big profit \on that deal wir haben bei diesem Geschäft gut verdient

\on business geschäftlich, beruflich

to work \on sth an etw dat arbeiten

21. (regularly taking)

▪ to be \on sth etw nehmen

my doctor put me \on antibiotics mein Arzt setzte mich auf Antibiotika

he lived \on berries and roots er lebte von Beeren und Wurzeln

Richard lives \on a diet of junk food Richard ernährt sich ausschließlich von Junkfood

to be \on drugs unter Drogen stehen, Drogen nehmen

to be \on medication Medikamente einnehmen

22. (paid by) auf + dat; BRIT

she wants it done \on the National Health Service sie möchte, dass die gesetzliche Krankenkasse die Kosten übernimmt

this meal is \on me das Essen bezahle ich

the drinks are \on me die Getränke gebe ich aus

to buy sth \on credit/hire purchase etw auf Kredit/Raten kaufen

23. (sustained by) mit + dat

, von + dat

does this radio run \on batteries? läuft dieses Radio mit Batterien?

I've only got £50 a week to live \on ich lebe von nur 50 Pfund pro Woche

they are living \on their savings sie leben von ihren Ersparnissen

to go \on the dole stempeln gehen

to live \on welfare von Sozialhilfe leben

24. (as payment for) für + akk

I've wasted a lot of money \on this car ich habe für dieses Auto eine Menge Geld ausgegeben

how much interest are you paying \on the loan? wie viel Zinsen zahlst du für diesen Kredit?

25. (added to) zusätzlich zu + dat

a few pence \on the electricity bill ein paar Pfennige mehr bei der Stromrechnung

26. (connected to) an + dat

dogs should be kept \on their leads Hunde sollten an der Leine geführt werden

to be \on the phone AUS, BRIT ans Telefonnetz angeschlossen sein, telefonisch erreichbar sein

we've just moved and we're not \on the phone yet wir sind gerade umgezogen und haben noch kein Telefon

27. (according to) auf + dat

\on the agenda/list auf der Tagesordnung/Liste

\on the whole im Ganzen, insgesamt

\on the whole, it was a good year alles in allem war es ein gutes Jahr

28. (burdening) auf + dat

it's been \on my mind ich muss immer daran denken

she had something \on her heart sie hatte etwas auf dem Herzen

that lie has been \on his conscience diese Lüge lastete auf seinem Gewissen

this is \on your shoulders das liegt in deiner Hand, die Verantwortung liegt bei dir

the future of the company is \on your shoulders du hast die Verantwortung für die Zukunft der Firma

29. (experiencing)

crime is \on the increase again die Verbrechen nehmen wieder zu

I'll be away \on a training course ich mache demnächst einen Ausbildungslehrgang

he's out \on a date with a woman er hat gerade eine Verabredung mit einer Frau

I was \on a long journey ich habe eine lange Reise gemacht

we're going \on vacation in two weeks wir fahren in zwei Wochen in Urlaub

to set sth \on fire etw anzünden

to be \on the go BRIT ( fig) auf Trab sein

did you know that she's got a new book \on the go? hast du gewusst, dass sie gerade ein neues Buch schreibt?

to be \on strike streiken

30. (compared with)

I can't improve \on my final offer dieses Angebot ist mein letztes Wort

sales are up \on last year der Umsatz ist höher als im letzten Jahr

to have nothing [or not have anything] \on sth kein Vergleich mit etw dat sein

my new bike has nothing \on the one that was stolen mein neues Fahrrad ist bei Weitem nicht so gut wie das, das mir gestohlen wurde

31. (by chance)

▪ \on sb ohne jds Verschulden

she was really worried when the phone went dead \on her sie machte sich richtig Sorgen, als das Telefon ausfiel, ohne dass sie etwas getan hatte

the fire went out \on me das Feuer ist mir einfach ausgegangen

to chance \on sb jdn [zufällig] treffen, jdm [zufällig] begegnen

32. after n (following)

the government suffered defeat \on defeat die Regierung erlitt eine Niederlage nach der anderen

wave \on wave of refugees has crossed the border immer neue Flüchtlingswellen strömten über die Grenze

33. AUS, BRIT SPORT (having points of)

Clive's team is \on five points while Joan's is \on seven das Team von Clive hat fünf Punkte, das von Joan hat sieben

34.

▶ to be \on sth BRIT, AUS etw verdienen

▶ \on the board in Planung

▶ to have time \on one's hands noch genug Zeit haben

▶ to be \on it AUS ( fam) sich akk volllaufen lassen fam, sich dat die Kanne geben BRD fam

▶ what are you \on? ( fam) bist du noch bei Sinnen? fam

II. adv inv

1. (in contact with) auf

make sure the lid's \on properly pass auf, dass der Deckel richtig zu ist

they sewed the man's ear back \on sie haben das Ohr des Mannes wieder angenäht

to screw sth \on etw anschrauben

I wish you wouldn't screw the lid \on so tightly schraube den Deckel bitte nicht immer so fest

2. (on body) an

put a jumper \on! zieh einen Pullover drüber!

get your shoes \on! zieh dir die Schuhe an!

to put clothes \on Kleider anziehen [o SCHWEIZ anlegen] fam

to have/try sth \on etw anhaben/anprobieren

with nothing \on nackt

3. (indicating continuance) weiter

to get \on with sth mit etw dat weitermachen

to keep \on doing sth etw weitermachen

if the phone's engaged, keep \on trying! wenn besetzt ist, probier es weiter!

\on and \on immer weiter

the noise just went \on and \on der Lärm hörte gar nicht mehr auf

he talked \on and \on er redete pausenlos

4. (in forward direction) vorwärts

would you pass it \on to Paul? würdest du es an Paul weitergeben?

time's getting \on die Zeit vergeht

from that day \on von diesem Tag an

they never spoke to each other from that day \on seit diesem Tag haben sie kein Wort mehr miteinander gewechselt

later \on später

what are you doing later \on? was hast du nachher vor?

to move \on (move forward) weitergehen; (transfer to another place) umziehen

to urge sb \on jdn anspornen

I'd never have managed this if my friend hadn't urged me \on ich hätte das nie geschafft, wenn mein Freund mich nicht dazu gedrängt hätte

5. (being shown)

▪ to be \on auf dem Programm stehen

are there any good films \on at the cinema this week? laufen in dieser Woche irgendwelche guten Filme im Kino?

what's \on at the festival? was ist für das Festival geplant?

there's a good film \on this afternoon heute Nachmittag kommt ein guter Film

6. (scheduled) geplant

is the party still \on for tomorrow? ist die Party noch für morgen geplant?

I've got nothing \on next week ich habe nächste Woche nichts vor

I've got a lot \on this week ich habe mir für diese Woche eine Menge vorgenommen

7. (functioning) an

the brakes are \on die Bremsen sind angezogen

is the central heating \on? ist die Zentralheizung an?

to put the kettle \on das Wasser aufsetzen

to leave the light \on das Licht anlassen

to switch/turn sth \on etw einschalten

could you switch \on the radio? könntest du das Radio anmachen?

8. (aboard)

the horse galloped off as soon as she was \on kaum war sie aufgesessen, da galoppierte das Pferd schon los

to get \on bus, train einsteigen; horse aufsitzen

9. (due to perform)

you're \on! du bist dran!

10.

▪ to be \on employee Dienst haben, im Dienst sein; actor auf der Bühne stehen, spielen

11. AM (performing well)

▪ to be \on gut drauf sein fam

12.

▶ to be \on about sth AUS, BRIT dauernd über etw akk reden

what are you \on about? wovon redest du denn nun schon wieder?

he knows what he's \on about er weiß, wovon er redet

I never understand what she's \on about ich verstehe nie, wovon sie es hat fam

▶ to be [or get] \on at sb jdm in den Ohren liegen

she's still \on at me to get my hair cut sie drängt mich dauernd, mir die Haare schneiden zu lassen

▶ to be \on AM aufpassen

▶ to hang \on warten

▶ head \on frontal

▶ that's not \on BRIT, AUS ( fam) das ist nicht in Ordnung

▶ \on and off, off and \on hin und wieder, ab und zu

▶ side [or sideways] \on AUS, BRIT seitlich

the bike hit our car side \on das Rad prallte von der Seite auf unser Auto

▶ to be \on to something ( fam) etw spitzgekriegt haben fam

▶ to be \on to sb ( fam) jds Absichten durchschauen

▶ this way \on AUS, BRIT auf diese Weise

▶ to be well \on spät sein

▶ to be well \on in years nicht mehr der Jüngste sein

▶ you're \on! einverstanden!, abgemacht! fam

III. adj inv, attr

1. AM (good) gut

this seems to be one of her \on days es scheint einer von ihren guten Tagen zu sein

2. ELEC, TECH

\on switch Einschalter m

* * *
[ɒn]
1. PREPOSITION
When on is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg live on, lecture on, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg on the right, on request, on occasion, look up the other word.
1) indicating place, position auf (+dat); (with vb of motion) auf (+acc); (on vertical surface, part of body) an (+dat); (with vb of motion) an (+acc)

the book is on the table — das Buch ist auf dem Tisch

he put the book on the table — er legte das Buch auf den Tisch

it was on the blackboard — es stand an der Tafel

he hung it on the wall/nail — er hängte es an die Wand/den Nagel

a house on the coast/main road — ein Haus am Meer/an der Hauptstraße

on the bank of the river — am Flussufer

with a smile on her face — mit einem Lächeln auf den Lippen

a ring on his finger — ein Ring am Finger

her name is on the list — ihr Name ist auf der Liste

he hit his head on the table/on the ground — er hat sich (dat) den Kopf am Tisch/auf dem or am Boden angeschlagen

they came on(to) the stage — sie kamen auf die Bühne

they advanced on the fort — sie rückten zum Fort vor

on TV/the radio — im Fernsehen/Radio

on video — auf Video

held on computer — auf Computer (dat) gespeichert

who's on his show tonight? — wer ist heute in seiner Show?

I have no money on me — ich habe kein Geld bei mir

we had something to eat on the train — wir haben im Zug etwas gegessen

2)

= by means of, using we went on the train/bus — wir fuhren mit dem Zug/Bus

on a bicycle — mit dem ( Fahr)rad

on foot/horseback — zu Fuß/Pferd

the heating runs on oil — die Heizung wird mit Öl betrieben

to count sth on one's fingers — etw an den Fingern abzählen

3) = about, concerning über (+acc)

a book on German grammar we read Stalin on Marx — ein Buch über deutsche Grammatik wir lasen Stalins Ausführungen zu Marx

have you heard him on the subject? — haben Sie ihn zu diesem Thema gehört?

4) in expressions of time an (+dat)

on Sunday — (am) Sonntag

on Sundays — sonntags

on December the first — am ersten Dezember

stars visible on clear nights — Sterne, die in klaren Nächten sichtbar sind

on or about the twentieth — um den Zwanzigsten herum

on and after the twentieth — am Zwanzigsten und danach

5)

= earning, getting I'm on £18,000 a year — ich bekomme £ 18.000 im Jahr

how much are you on? — wie viel verdienst or bekommst du?

he retired on a good pension — er trat mit einer guten Rente in den Ruhestand

6) = at the time of bei (+dat)

on my arrival — bei meiner Ankunft

on examination — bei der Untersuchung

on hearing this he left — als er das hörte, ging er

7) = as a result of auf... (acc) hin

on receiving my letter — auf meinen Brief hin

8) indicating membership in (+dat)

he is on the committee/the board — er gehört dem Ausschuss/Vorstand an, er sitzt im Ausschuss/Vorstand

he is on the "Evening News" — er ist bei der "Evening News"

he is on the teaching staff — er gehört zum Lehrpersonal

9)

= doing to be on a course (Sch, Univ) — an einem Kurs teilnehmen

I am working on a new project — ich arbeite gerade an einem neuen Projekt

he was away on business — er war geschäftlich unterwegs

I am on overtime — ich mache Überstunden

we're on the past tense (Sch) — wir sind bei der Vergangenheit

we were on page 72 — wir waren auf Seite 72

10)

= at the expense of this round is on me — diese Runde geht auf meine Kosten

have it on me — das spendiere ich (dir), ich gebe (dir) das aus

See:

→ house

11) = compared with im Vergleich zu

prices are up on last year( 's) — im Vergleich zum letzten Jahr sind die Preise gestiegen

12)

= taking to be on drugs/the pill — Drogen/die Pille nehmen

what is he on? (inf) — er tickt wohl nicht ganz richtig! (inf)

13)

indicating repetition he made mistake on mistake — er machte einen Fehler nach dem anderen

14)

musical instrument he played (it) on the violin/trumpet — er spielte (es) auf der Geige/Trompete

on drums/piano — am Schlagzeug/Klavier

Roland Kirk on tenor sax — Roland Kirk, Tenorsaxofon

15) = according to nach (+dat)

on your theory — Ihrer Theorie nach or zufolge, nach Ihrer Theorie

2. ADVERB

1)

= in place, covering he screwed the lid on — er schraubte den Deckel drauf

she had nothing on —

what did he have on? — was hatte er an?

he had his hat on crooked — er hatte den Hut schief auf

he put his hat on — er setzte seinen Hut auf

he put his coat on — er zog seinen Mantel an

2)

indicating position put it this way on — stellen/legen Sie es so herum (darauf)

sideways on — längs

3)

indicating forward movement move on! — gehen Sie weiter!, weitergehen!

on! on! — weiter! weiter!

to pass a message on — eine Nachricht weitergeben

4)

indicating time from now on — von jetzt an

from that day on — von diesem Tag an

later on — später

it was well on in the night — es war zu vorgerückter Stunde, es war spät in der Nacht

it was well on into September — es war spät im September

early on in her career — schon früh in ihrer Karriere

5)

indicating continuation to keep on talking — immer weiterreden, in einem fort reden

they walked on in silence — sie gingen schweigend weiter

go on with your work — machen Sie Ihre Arbeit weiter

6)

set structures __diams; on and on they talked on and on — sie redeten und redeten, sie redeten unentwegt

the noise went on and on — der Lärm hörte überhaupt nicht auf

she went on and on — sie hörte gar nicht mehr auf __diams; to be on at sb

he's always on at me — er hackt dauernd auf mir herum, er meckert dauernd an mir herum (inf)

he's always on at me to get my hair cut — er liegt mir dauernd in den Ohren, dass ich mir die Haare schneiden lassen soll

he's been on at me about that several times — er ist mir ein paar Mal damit gekommen (inf) __diams; to be on about sth

she's always on about her experiences in Italy — sie kommt dauernd mit ihren Italienerfahrungen (inf)

what's he on about? —

he knows what he's on about — er weiß, wovon er redet

3. ADJECTIVE

1) = switched on, functioning lights, TV, radio an; brake angezogen; electricity, gas an(gestellt)

to leave the engine on — den Motor laufen lassen

the "on" switch — der Einschalter

in the "on" position —

it wasn't one of his on days (inf) — er war nicht gerade in Form

2) = in place lid, cover drauf

his hat/tie was on crookedly — sein Hut saß/sein Schlips hing schief

his hat/coat was already on — er hatte den Hut schon auf/den Mantel schon an

3)

= taking place there's a tennis match on at the moment — ein Tennismatch ist gerade im Gang

there's a tennis match on tomorrow — morgen findet ein Tennismatch statt

I have nothing on tonight — ich habe heute Abend nichts vor

what's on in London? —

there's never anything on in this town — in dieser Stadt ist nie was los

the search is on for a new managing director — jetzt wird nach einem neuen Geschäftsführer gesucht

4)

= being performed, performing to be on (in theatre, cinema) — gegeben or gezeigt werden; (on TV, radio) gesendet or gezeigt werden

still on? — läuft das Programm noch?

what's on tonight? — was ist or steht heute Abend auf dem Programm?

who's on tonight? (Theat, Film) — wer spielt heute Abend?, wer tritt heute Abend auf?; (TV) wer kommt heute Abend (im Fernsehen)?

you're on now (Theat, Rad, TV) — Ihr Auftritt!, Sie sind (jetzt) dran (inf)

tell me when the English team is on — sagen Sie mir, wenn die englische Mannschaft dran ist or drankommt

5)

indicating agreement, acceptability to be on (bet, agreement) — gelten

you're on! —

are you on? ( inf = are you with us ) —,, machst du mit?

are you on for dinner tonight? — sehen wir uns zum Abendessen?

you're/he's not on ( Brit inf ) — das ist nicht drin (inf)

his behaviour was really not on ( Brit inf ) — sein Benehmen war unmöglich

* * *

on [ɒn; US auch ɑn]

A präp

1. meist auf (dat oder akk) ( siehe die mit on verbundenen Wörter)

2. (getragen von) auf (dat), an (dat), in (dat):

the scar on his face die Narbe in seinem Gesicht;

a ring on one’s finger ein Ring am Finger;

have you got a lighter on you? haben Sie ein Feuerzeug bei sich?;

find sth on sb etwas bei jemandem finden

3. (festgemacht oder sehr nahe) an (dat):

the dog is on the chain;

on the Thames

4. (Richtung, Ziel) auf (akk) … (hin), an (akk), zu:

a blow on the chin ein Schlag ans Kinn;

drop sth on the floor etwas auf den Fußboden oder zu Boden fallen lassen;

hang sth on a peg etwas an einen Haken hängen

5. fig (auf der Grundlage von) auf (akk) … (hin):

based on facts auf Tatsachen begründet;

live on air von (der) Luft leben;

this car runs on petrol dieser Wagen fährt mit Benzin;

a scholar on a foundation ein Stipendiat (einer Stiftung);

borrow on jewels sich auf Schmuck(stücke) Geld borgen;

a duty on silk (ein) Zoll auf Seide;

interest on one’s capital Zinsen auf sein Kapital

6. (aufeinanderfolgend) auf (akk), über (akk), nach:

loss on loss Verlust auf oder über Verlust, ein Verlust nach dem andern;

be on one’s second glass bei seinem zweiten Glas sein

7. (gehörig) zu, (beschäftigt) bei, in (dat), an (dat):

be on a committee (the jury, the general staff) zu einem Ausschuss (zu den Geschworenen, zum Generalstab) gehören;

be on the “Daily Mail” bei der „Daily Mail“ (beschäftigt) sein

8. (Zustand) in (dat), auf (dat):

be on sth etwas (ein Medikament etc) (ständig) nehmen;

be on pills tablettenabhängig oder -süchtig sein

9. (gerichtet) auf (akk):

an attack on sb (sth);

a joke on me ein Spaß auf meine Kosten;

shut (open) the door on sb jemandem die Tür verschließen (öffnen);

the strain tells severely on him die Anstrengung nimmt ihn sichtlich mit;

it’s on me umg das geht auf meine Rechnung, das zahle ich, (im Lokal auch) du bist eingeladen;

have nothing on sb umg

a) jemandem nichts voraus haben,

b) jemandem nichts anhaben können;

have sth on sb umg eine Handhabe gegen jemanden haben, etwas Belastendes über jemanden wissen

10. (Thema) über (akk):

an agreement (a lecture, an opinion) on sth;

talk on a subject

11. (Zeitpunkt) an (dat):

on Sunday, on the 1st of April, on April 1st;

on or after April 1st ab oder mit Wirkung vom 1. April;

on or before April 1st bis zum oder bis spätestens am 1. April;

on being asked als ich etc (danach) gefragt wurde

12. nachdem:

on leaving school, he … nachdem er die Schule verlassen hatte, …

13. gegenüber, im Vergleich zu:

losses were £100,000 down on the previous year

B adv

1. (a in Zusammensetzungen mit Verben) (dar)auf(…):

place ( screw, etc) on

2. besonders Kleidung:

a) an…:

have (put) a coat on

b) auf…:

keep one’s hat on

3. (a in Zusammensetzungen mit Verben) weiter(…):

talk ( walk, etc) on;

and so on und so weiter;

on and on immer weiter;

on and off

a) ab und zu,

b) ab und an, mit Unterbrechungen;

from that day on von dem Tage an;

on with the show! weiter im Programm!;

on to … auf (akk) … (hinauf oder hinaus)

C adj präd

1. be on

a) im Gange sein (Spiel etc), vor sich gehen:

what’s on? was ist los?;

what’s on in London? was ist in London los?, was tut sich in London?;

have you anything on tomorrow? haben Sie morgen etwas vor?;

that’s not on! das ist nicht drin! umg

b) an sein umg (Licht, Radio, Wasser etc), an-, eingeschaltet sein, laufen, auf sein umg (Hahn):

on - off TECH An - Aus;

the light is on das Licht brennt oder ist an(geschaltet);

the brakes are on die Bremsen sind angezogen;

the race is on SPORT das Rennen ist gestartet;

you are on! abgemacht!

c) THEAT gegeben werden (Stück), laufen (Film), ( RADIO, TV) gesendet werden (Programm)

d) d(a)ran (an der Reihe) sein

e) (mit) dabei sein, mitmachen

2. be on to umg etwas spitzgekriegt haben, über jemanden od etwas im Bilde sein

3. umg be a bit on einen Schwips haben;

be well on ganz schön blau sein

4. he’s always on at me umg er bearbeitet mich ständig, er liegt mir dauernd in den Ohren ( beide:

about wegen)

* * *
1.
[ɒn]preposition

1) (position) auf (+ Dat.); (direction) auf (+ Akk.); (attached to) an (+ Dat./Akk.)

put something on the table — etwas auf den Tisch legen od. stellen

be on the table — auf dem Tisch sein

write something on the wall — etwas an die Wand schreiben

be hanging on the wall — an der Wand hängen

have something on one — etwas bei sich (Dat.) haben

on the bus/train — im Bus/Zug; (by bus/train) mit dem Bus/Zug

be on the board/committee — im Vorstand/Ausschuss sein

on Oxford 556767 — unter der Nummer Oxford 55 67 67

2) (with basis, motive, etc. of)

on the evidence — aufgrund des Beweismaterials

on the assumption/hypothesis that... — angenommen,...

3) in expressions of time an [einem Abend, Tag usw.]

on Sundays — sonntags

it's just on nine — es ist gerade neun

on [his] arrival — bei seiner Ankunft

on entering the room... — beim Betreten des Zimmers...

on time or schedule — pünktlich

4) expr. state etc

be on heroin — heroinabhängig sein

the drinks are on me — (coll.) die Getränke gehen auf mich

be on £20,000 a year — 20 000 Pfund im Jahr kriegen od. haben

5) (concerning, about) über (+ Akk.)
2. adverb
1)

with/without a hat/coat on — mit/ohne Hut/Mantel

have a hat on — einen Hut aufhaben

your hat is on crooked — dein Hut sitzt schief

boil something with/without the lid on — etwas in geschlossenem/offenem Topf kochen

the potatoes are on — die Kartoffeln sind aufgesetzt

2) (in some direction)

face on — mit dem Gesicht voran

on and on — immer weiter

3) (switched or turned on)

the light/radio etc. is on — das Licht/Radio usw. ist an

put the light on — das Licht anmachen

is there a gas tap on? — ist ein Gashahn aufgedreht?

4) (arranged)

is Sunday's picnic on? — findet das Picknick am Sonntag statt?

I have nothing of importance on — ich habe nichts Wichtiges vor

5) (being performed)

what's on at the cinema? — was gibt es od. was läuft im Kino?

his play is currently on in London — sein Stück wird zur Zeit in London aufgeführt od. gespielt

6) (on duty)

come/be on — seinen Dienst antreten/Dienst haben

7)

something is on (feasible) /not on — etwas ist möglich/ausgeschlossen

you're on! — (coll.): (I agree) abgemacht!; (making bet) die Wette gilt!

be on about somebody/something — (coll.) [dauernd] über jemanden/etwas sprechen

what is he on about? — was will er [sagen]?

be on at/keep on and on at somebody — (coll.) jemandem in den Ohren/dauernd in den Ohren liegen (ugs.)

on to, onto — auf (+ Akk.)

be on to something — (have discovered something) etwas ausfindig gemacht haben. See also right 4. 4)

* * *

adj.

eingeschaltet adj.

in adj. prep.

an präp.

auf präp.

bei präp.

über präp.

English-german dictionary > on
20 split

split
1. verb
present participle splitting: past tense, past participle split)

1) (to cut or (cause to) break lengthwise: to split firewood; The skirt split all the way down the back seam.) rajar

2) (to divide or (cause to) disagree: The dispute split the workers into two opposing groups.) dividir

2. noun
(a crack or break: There was a split in one of the sides of the box.) grieta, raja

- split-level
- split second
- splitting headache
- the splits

split¹ n raja / hendidura

there's a split in your shorts tienes una raja en el pantalón corto

split² vb

1. partir

the ruler split down the middle la regla se partió por la mitad

2. rajarse

my trousers split when I bent down al agacharme, se me rajó el pantalón

3. dividir / repartir

they split the money between them se repartieron el dinero

El pasado y participio pasado de split es split; el gerundio se escribe splitting

split

tr[splɪt]

noun

1 (crack, cut, break) grieta, hendidura, raja

2 (tear - in garment) desgarrón nombre masculino, rasgón nombre masculino; (- in seam) descosido

3 (division - gen) división nombre femenino, ruptura, cisma nombre masculino; (- in politics) escisión nombre femenino, cisma nombre masculino, ruptura

4 (division, sharing out) reparto

adjective

1 (cracked) partido,-a, hendido,-a, rajado,-a; (torn) desgarrado,-a, rasgado,-a

■ split lip labio partido

■ split seam descosido

2 (divided - gen) dividido,-a; (- in politics) dividido,-a, escindido,-a

■ the party is split on this issue el partido está dividido por este tema

transitive verb (pt & pp split, ger splitting)

1 (crack, break) agrietar, hender; (cut) partir

■ he's splitting logs está partiendo troncos

■ she split the coconut open abrió el coco

2 (tear - garment) rajar, desgarrar; (- seam) descoser

■ he split his trousers rompió los pantalones

3 SMALLPHYSICS/SMALL (atom) desintegrar

4 (divide, separate) dividir (up, -); (political party etc) dividir, escindir

■ she split the class (up) into two groups dividió la clase en dos grupos

■ the issue of the prison has split the community el asunto de la cárcel ha dividido a la comunidad

5 (share) repartir, dividir

■ we had to split the prize money between 10 people tuvimos que repartir el premio entre 10 personas

■ let's split the cost paguemos a medias

intransitive verb

1 (crack) agrietarse, henderse, rajarse; (in two parts) partirse

■ this wood splits easily esta madera se parte fácilmente

2 (tear - garment) rajarse, desgarrarse; (- seams) descoserse

■ his trousers split se le descosieron los pantalones

3 (divide - gen) dividirse (up, -); (- in politics) dividirse, escindirse

■ the river splits in two here aquí el río se divide en dos

■ the students split up into small groups los estudiantes se dividieron en grupos reducidos

■ the coalition split over the issue of abortion la coalición se escindió por el tema del aborto

4 familiar (tell tales) acusar, soplar, chivarse (on, de)

■ don't split on me no me soples

5 slang (leave) largarse, abrirse, pirárselas

■ let's split larguémonos

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in a split second en una fracción de segundo, en menos de un segundo

to do the splits abrir las piernas en cruz

to split hairs rizar el rizo, buscarle tres pies al gato

to split one's head open romperse la crisma, partirse la crisma

to split one's sides laughing partirse de risa, troncharse de risa

to split the difference partir la diferencia

cream split / jam split pastelito relleno de nata / pastelito relleno de mermelada

split decision decisión nombre femenino no unánime

split ends (of hair) puntas nombre femenino plural abiertas

split infinitive SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL infinitivo con un adverbio intercalado entre el "to" y el verbo

split peas guisantes nombre masculino plural secos

split pin chaveta

split personality desdoblamiento de personalidad

split ring llavero

split shift horario partido

split ['splɪt] v, split ; splitting vt

1) cleave: partir, hender

to split wood: partir madera

2) burst: romper, rajar

to split open: abrir

3) divide, share: dividir, repartir

split vi

1) : partirse (dícese de la madera, etc.)

2) burst, crack: romperse, rajarse

3) or to split up : dividirse

split n

1) crack: rajadura f

2) tear: rotura f

3) division: división f, escisión f

split

adj.

• dividido, -a adj.

• grieta adj.

• hendido, -a adj.

• partido, -a adj.

• raja adj.

• separarse adj.

n.

• cisma s.m.

• despatarrada s.f.

• división s.f.

• hendedura s.f.

• hendidura s.f.

• quebraja s.f.

• raja s.f.

• rendija s.f.

• resquebrajadura s.f.

• ruptura s.f.

pret., p.p.

(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to split")

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: split) = cachar v.

• cascar v.

• desdoblar v.

• dividir v.

• escindir v.

• grietarse v.

• hender v.

• partir v.

• resquebrajar v.

• tronchar v.

splɪt
I

noun

1)

a) (in garment, cloth - in seam) descosido m; (- part of design) abertura f, raja f, tajo m (CS)

b) (in wood, glass) rajadura f, grieta f

2)

a) ( Pol) escisión f; ( Relig) cisma m, escisión f

b) ( break up) ruptura f, separación f

c) (share-out, distribution)

a six-way split would give everyone $1,500 — si se dividiera la suma en seis partes, cada uno se llevaría $1.500

3) splits pl

to do the splits — abrirse* completamente de piernas, hacer* el spagat (Esp)

4) ( bottle) (AmE) botella individual de vino o champán

II

adjective

1)

a) ( damaged) < wood> rajado, partido; < lip> partido

her trousers were split at the seams — tenía las costuras de los pantalones descosidas

b) ( cleft) < logs> partido

2)

a) ( divided)

split decision — decisión f no unánime

split personality — doble personalidad f

split shift — horario m (de trabajo) partido or no corrido

b) ( in factions) dividido

III
1.

(pres p splitting; past & past p split) transitive verb

1)

a) ( break) \<\<wood/stone\>\> partir

to split the atom — fisionar or desintegrar el átomo

to split something in two/in half — partir algo en dos/por la mitad

b) ( burst)

he bent down and split his pants — se agachó y reventó los pantalones

she split her head open — se partió or se abrió la cabeza

to split one's sides (laughing) — partirse or troncharse or desternillarse de risa

c) ( divide into factions) \<\<nation/church\>\> dividir, escindir

2) (divide, share) \<\<cost/food\>\> dividir

do you want to split a bottle? — ¿nos tomamos una botella a medias?

2.

vi

1) (crack, burst) \<\<wood/rock\>\> partirse, rajarse; \<\<leather/seam\>\> abrirse*, romperse*

his bag split (open) — se le rompió or rajó la bolsa

I've got a splitting headache — tengo un dolor de cabeza espantoso

2) \<\<political party/church\>\> dividirse, escindirse

3) ( leave) (sl) abrirse* (arg), largarse* (fam)

4) ( denounce) (BrE colloq)

to split ON somebody — acusar or (Méx fam) rajar a alguien, chivarse de alguien (Esp fam)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- split away

- split up

[splɪt] (vb: pt, pp split)
1. N

1) (=crack) (in wood, rock) hendidura f, grieta f

2) (=rift) ruptura f, escisión f

• there are threats of a split in the progressive party — se oyen voces or hay amenazas de escisión en el partido progresista

3) (=division) división f

• the split between the rich and the poor — la división entre ricos y pobres

• a three- way split — una división en tres partes

4)

• to do the splits — (Gymnastics) hacer el spagat; (accidentally) abrirse completamente de piernas, espatarrarse *

5) (Culin)

jam split — pastel m de mermelada

banana split — (banana) split m

6) (Sew) (in skirt) abertura f

2. ADJ

1) (=cracked) [wood, rock] partido, hendido

he had a split lip — tenía un labio partido

2) (=divided) dividido

the government is split on this question — el gobierno está dividido en este asunto

• it was a split decision — la decisión no fue unánime

• the party was split — el partido estaba escindido or dividido

• the votes are split 15-13 — los votos están repartidos 15 a 13

• the party is split three ways — el partido está escindido or dividido en tres grupos

3. VT

1) (=break) partir

the sea had split the ship in two — el mar había partido el barco en dos

he split the wood with an axe — partió la madera con un hacha

• to split the atom — desintegrar el átomo

• to split sth open — abrir algo

he split his head open — se abrió la cabeza de un golpe

- split hairs

- split one's sides laughing

2) (=divide, share) repartir

• let's split the money between us — repartámonos el dinero

• to split the difference — repartir la diferencia (a partes iguales)

• to split sth into three parts — dividir algo en tres partes

the children were split into two groups — dividieron a los niños en dos grupos

• to split the vote — (Pol) repartirse los votos

• to split the profit five ways — repartir las ganancias entre cinco

3) (fig) [+ government, group] dividir; [+ party] escindir, dividir

the dispute split the party — la disputa escindió or dividió el partido

4. VI

1) (=come apart) [stone etc] henderse, rajarse

the jeans split the first time she wore them — los vaqueros se le abrieron por las costuras la primera vez que se los puso

• to split open — abrirse

• the ship hit a rock and split in two — el barco chocó con una roca y se partió en dos

- my head is splitting

2) (fig) [government, group] dividirse; [party] escindirse, dividirse

3) * (=tell tales) chivatear **, soplar *

to split on sb — chivatear contra algn **, soplar contra algn *

don't split on me — de esto no digas ni pío

4) (esp US) * (=leave) largarse **, irse

5.

CPD

split ends NPL — puntas fpl abiertas

split infinitive N — infinitivo en el que un adverbio o una frase se intercala entre "to" y el verbo

split pea N — guisante m majado

split personality N — personalidad f desdoblada

split pin N — (Brit) chaveta f, pasador m

split screen N — pantalla f partida
split-screen
split second N — fracción f de segundo

in a split second — en un instante, en un abrir y cerrar de ojos
split-second
split shift N — jornada f partida

split ticket N (US) —

• to vote a split ticket — dar el voto fraccionado, votar a candidatos de diferentes partidos en la misma papeleta

- split off

- split up

* * *
[splɪt]
I

noun

1)

a) (in garment, cloth - in seam) descosido m; (- part of design) abertura f, raja f, tajo m (CS)

b) (in wood, glass) rajadura f, grieta f

2)

a) ( Pol) escisión f; ( Relig) cisma m, escisión f

b) ( break up) ruptura f, separación f

c) (share-out, distribution)

a six-way split would give everyone $1,500 — si se dividiera la suma en seis partes, cada uno se llevaría $1.500

3) splits pl

to do the splits — abrirse* completamente de piernas, hacer* el spagat (Esp)

4) ( bottle) (AmE) botella individual de vino o champán

II

adjective

1)

a) ( damaged) < wood> rajado, partido; < lip> partido

her trousers were split at the seams — tenía las costuras de los pantalones descosidas

b) ( cleft) < logs> partido

2)

a) ( divided)

split decision — decisión f no unánime

split personality — doble personalidad f

split shift — horario m (de trabajo) partido or no corrido

b) ( in factions) dividido

III
1.

(pres p splitting; past & past p split) transitive verb

1)

a) ( break) \<\<wood/stone\>\> partir

to split the atom — fisionar or desintegrar el átomo

to split something in two/in half — partir algo en dos/por la mitad

b) ( burst)

he bent down and split his pants — se agachó y reventó los pantalones

she split her head open — se partió or se abrió la cabeza

to split one's sides (laughing) — partirse or troncharse or desternillarse de risa

c) ( divide into factions) \<\<nation/church\>\> dividir, escindir

2) (divide, share) \<\<cost/food\>\> dividir

do you want to split a bottle? — ¿nos tomamos una botella a medias?

2.

vi

1) (crack, burst) \<\<wood/rock\>\> partirse, rajarse; \<\<leather/seam\>\> abrirse*, romperse*

his bag split (open) — se le rompió or rajó la bolsa

I've got a splitting headache — tengo un dolor de cabeza espantoso

2) \<\<political party/church\>\> dividirse, escindirse

3) ( leave) (sl) abrirse* (arg), largarse* (fam)

4) ( denounce) (BrE colloq)

to split ON somebody — acusar or (Méx fam) rajar a alguien, chivarse de alguien (Esp fam)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- split away

- split up

English-spanish dictionary > split

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a hit at the Government

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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a hit at the Government

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